Elevated personal exposure to particulate matter from human activities in a residence

Ferro, A.; Kopperud, Royal J; Hildemann, Lynn M.

doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500356

Cited by 145 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It suggested that a large amount of electronic products containing PBDEs, such as computers, printers, and other electrical appliances, flooded the indoor environments in non-e-waste recycling zones. Moreover, Ferro et al 36 noticed that personal exposure (i.e., participants carrying sampling devices) to particulate matter was 1.4−1.6 times higher than that obtained by a stationary area monitor. Allen et al 35 also indicated that personal inhalation exposure to indoor air PBDEs was approximately 1−4 times higher than that by a stationary area monitor.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Characterization for Resident Inhalation Exposure to Particle-Bound Halogenated Flame Retardants in a Typical E-Waste Recycling Zone

Luo

Bao

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inhalation of pollutants is an important exposure route for causing human health hazards, and inhalation exposure assessment must take into account particle size distribution because particle-bound pollutants are size-dependent. Such information is scarce, particularly for residents dwelling within e-waste recycling zones where abundant atmospheric halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) commonly used in electronic/electrical devices have been widely reported. Atmospheric size-fractioned particle samples were collected using a 10-stage Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor from an e-waste recycling zone in South China. The deposition efficiencies and fluxes of sizefractioned HFRs including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative brominated flame retardants, and Dechlorane Plus in the human respiratory tract were estimated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection deposition model. The majority of HFRs was found to deposit in the head airways, with coarse particles (aerodynamic diameter (Dp) > 1.8 μm) contributing the most (69−91%). Conversely, fine particles (Dp < 1.8 μm) were dominant in the alveolar region (62−80%). The inhalation intake of PBDEs within the e-waste recycling zone was 44 ng/d (95% confidence interval (CI): 30−65 ng/d), close to those through food consumption in non-e-waste recycling regions. The estimated total hazard quotient of particle-bound HFRs was 5.6 × 10 −4 (95%

show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Characterization for Resident Inhalation Exposure to Particle-Bound Halogenated Flame Retardants in a Typical E-Waste Recycling Zone

Luo

Bao

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the scenario presented in this study, respiration was found not to be a major route, although further in-house measurements of lead in air are needed because gradients may exist, especially from resuspension (Ferro et al, 2004). The data lacking in the model is the actual mass of lead transferred from a hand to the gut, given a certain loading, along with a method to quantify ingestion exposures of children (Cohen Hubal et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in a sea of lead — changes in blood- and hand-lead of infants living near a smelter

Simon

Maynard

Thomas

2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thirteen infants born into the lead contaminated environment of Port Pirie, South Australia, were followed approximately monthly from birth until they were about 36 months. Blood-lead levels of infants at birth were similar to their mothers but fell rapidly during the first 35 days of life. Thereafter, infants born with blood-lead levels at about 2-4 mg/dl began a slow linear increase until 14-18 months where a plateau occurred of 10.8-17.2 mg/dl. The bloodlead levels were well correlated with hand-lead loadings of infant (r 2 ¼ 0.72, Po0.01, log transformed data) and mother (r 2 ¼ 0.62, Po0.01, log transformed data) unless the birth lead level was exceptionally high. The principle factor determining exposure was thee impact of smelter emissions on the house. Blood-lead increase was caused by the relatively more rapid increase in dose of lead compared with the increasing body mass, which was related directly to the maturation of motor development. Hand-lead of mothers were closely related to both infants' blood-and hand-lead levels until the point of blood-lead plateau then substantially fell as infants began to walk unaided. The estimated slope factor using the ICRP model was 0.75-0.94 mg/dl per mg/ day with a maximum daily dose of 3-5 mg/kg/day, assuming 45% absorption. Ingestion appears to be the most likely route for at least 95% of the dose.

show abstract

“…Exposure to the emissions, in particular to the respirable aerosols stemming from these burning practices is known to cause a large number of health problems (Smith 2000). Various literature sources have acknowledged that ambient pollution levels are not necessarily indicative of the concentrations of air pollution that humans are exposed to on an everyday basis, as most people tend to spend most of their time indoors (Lim et al 2012, Diapouli et al 2011, Ferro et al 2004, Smith 2002 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentrations on the Mpumalanga highveld – A case study

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The household combustion of solid fuels, for the purpose of heating and cooking, is an activity practiced by many people in South Africa. Air pollution caused by the combustion of solid fuels in households has a significant influence on public health. People most affected are those considered to be the poorest, living in low-income settlements, where burning solid fuel is the primary source of energy. Insufficient data has been collected in South Africa to quantify the concentrations of particulate emissions that people are exposed to, especially the respirable fraction, associated with the combustion of solid fuels. The aim of this paper is to gain an understanding of the particulate matter (PM) concentrations a person living in a typical household in a low income settlement in the South African Highveld is exposed to. It also seeks to demonstrate that the use of solid fuels in the household can lead to indoor air pollution concentrations reaching levels very similar to ambient PM concentrations, which could be well in excess of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, representing a major national public health threat. A mobile monitoring station was used in KwaDela, Mpumalanga to measure both ambient particulate concentrations and meteorological conditions, while a range of dust/particulate monitors were used for indoor and personal particulate concentration measurements. Indoor and personal measurements are limited to the respirable fraction (PM 4 ) as this fraction contributes significantly to the negative health impacts. The sampling for this case study took place from 7-19 August 2014. Highest particulate matter concentrations were evident during the early mornings and the early evenings, when solid fuel burning activities were at their highest. Indoor and personal daily average PM 4 concentrations did not exceed the 24h National Ambient PM 2.5 Standard of 65 µg/m 3 nor did they exceed the 24h National Ambient PM 10 Standard of 75 µg/ m 3 . The outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be below the standards for the duration of the sampling period. The outdoor PM 10 concentrations exceeded the standards for one day during the sampling period. Results indicate that, although people in KwaDela may be exposed to ambient PM concentrations that can be non-compliant to ambient standards, the exposure to indoor air, where solid fuel is burnt, may be detrimental to their health. Keywords particulate matter exposure, indoor air quality, ambient air quality, personal exposure

show abstract

Elevated personal exposure to particulate matter from human activities in a residence

Cited by 145 publications

References 24 publications

Health Risk Characterization for Resident Inhalation Exposure to Particle-Bound Halogenated Flame Retardants in a Typical E-Waste Recycling Zone

Health Risk Characterization for Resident Inhalation Exposure to Particle-Bound Halogenated Flame Retardants in a Typical E-Waste Recycling Zone

Living in a sea of lead — changes in blood- and hand-lead of infants living near a smelter

Indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentrations on the Mpumalanga highveld – A case study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About