Elevated circulating magnesium levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundThe association between circulating magnesium (Mg) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains ambiguous and controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the circulating Mg levels in PD patients and to clarify whether high circulating Mg levels should be considered as a potential risk factor for PD.MethodsIn this study, 17 case–control published studies were selected in our meta-analysis by searching the electronic databases of Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) before June 1, 2018. Overall, 848 PD cases and 784 healthy controls (HC), 1,023 PD cases and 911 HC, and 180 PD cases and 144 HC met the inclusion criteria for this study Mg levels in serum, peripheral blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respectively. Standardized mean difference (SMD) in random-effects model and 95% CI were used to assess the correlation strength through the comparison of the two groups.ResultsMeta-analysis showed that the serum Mg levels in PD cases were significantly higher than those in HC individuals (SMD =1.09, 95% CI =0.52, 1.66). Furthermore, this result was further confirmed by the combined analysis of serum and whole blood studies together (SMD =0.64, 95% CI =0.10, 1.19). In addition, the higher CSF Mg levels in patients of PD were observed in comparison with normal range (SMD =0.55, 95% CI =0.21, 0.88). However, this data did not further discuss and analyze because of the smaller sample size of CSF studies.ConclusionOur findings supported the notion that the increase of circulating Mg levels appears in the patients with PD.

RPL6: A Key Molecule Regulating Zinc- and Magnesium-Bound Metalloproteins of Parkinson’s Disease

“…Similarly, Mg plays a significant role in neuromuscular signal conduction, energy synthesis, and releasing neurotransmitters ( Oyanagi et al, 2006 ). Significant increase in Mg was noticed in our study; a similar result was noticed in the meta-analysis of Jin et al (2018) . Additionally, this result was further supported by our previous study ( Ahmed and Santosh, 2010 ).…”

Magnesium-Induced Cell Survival Is Dependent on TRPM7 Expression and Function

“…Similarly, Mg 2+ concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients decreased with the duration and severity of the disease [11]. However, circulating Mg 2+ levels in PD etiology remain controversial, a study indicated PD patients tendend towards elevated circulating magnesium levels [48]. Epidemiological results support the possibility that mutations in genes relevant to magnesium homeostasis would alter PD risk [16].…”

Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of 46 Systematic Reviews

“…Meta-analyses showed that deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D were positively associated with PD development (deficiency and insufficiency, pooled OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.71, I 2 = 55.9%, 6 case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies; deficiency, pooled OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.19, I 2 = 84.7%, 10 case-control, cohort, and crosssectional studies; insufficiency, pooled OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.03, I 2 = 31.0%, 6 case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies) [45,60]; no subgroup analysis based on study design was conducted (Supplementary Table 1). Pooled results of casecontrol studies showed that PD patients had lower levels of serum uric acid, serum BDNF, and serum iron and higher circulating Mg and CRP levels [34,59,62,63]. No significant association between LDL-C and PD development was found (pooled RR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.07, I 2 = 71.0%, 3 case-control and cohort studies) [52] (Supplementary Table 1).…”