Elemental matrix effects in ICP-AES

Todolı́, José-Luis; Gras, Luis; Hernandis, Vicente; Mora, Juan

doi:10.1039/b009570m

Cited by 181 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 298 publications

(569 reference statements)

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“…Matrix effects in ICP-AES strongly depend on the plasma operating conditions [26,27]. For this reason, the influence of the nebulizer gas flow rate (Q g ) and plasma r.f.…”

Section: Influence Of Experimental Conditions (Rf Power and Nebulizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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In this work, the influence of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions on the emission signal of 34 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, I, In, Ir, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Sr, Te and Zn) in axially-viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry has been investigated. To this end, atomic and ionic emission signals for diluted glycerol, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions were registered and results were compared to those obtained for a 1% w w -1 nitric acid solution.Experimental results show that the emission intensities of As, Se and Te atomic lines are enhanced by charge transfer from carbon, sulfur and phosphorus ions. Iodine and P atomic emission is enhanced by carbon and sulfur-based charge transfer whereas the Hg atomic emission signal is enhanced only by carbon. Though signal enhancement due to charge transfer reactions is also expected for ionic emission lines of the above mentioned elements, no experimental evidence has been found with the exception of Hg ionic lines operating carbon solutions. The effect of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus charge transfer reactions on atomic emission depends on: (i) wavelength characteristics. In general, signal enhancement is more pronounced for electronic transitions involving the highest upper energy levels; (ii) plasma experimental conditions. The use of robust conditions (i.e. high r.f power and lower nebulizer gas flow rates) improves carbon, sulfur and phosphorus ionization in the plasma and, hence,

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“…Matrix effects in ICP-AES strongly depend on the plasma operating conditions [26,27]. For this reason, the influence of the nebulizer gas flow rate (Q g ) and plasma r.f.…”

Section: Influence Of Experimental Conditions (Rf Power and Nebulizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…The appropriate selection of the sample-introduction system is a critical step when particular analytical ¢gures of merit are required. Moreover, some kinds of interference can be minimized or even eliminated by a judicious selection of the sample-introduction system [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-sample introduction in plasma spectrometry

Mora

Pérez

Hernandis

et al. 2003

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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“…Therefore, in this case, signal differences can be related to matrix effects on aerosol transport phenomena, since sodium chloride solutions show lower W tot values (Table 4). 34 Thus, for instance, W tot values for 2% w/w nitric and hydrochloric acid solution are 6.7 and 6.5 mg min…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of an improved microwave-based thermal nebulizer for liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A re-designed microwave-based thermal nebulizer (MWTN) that overcomes all the drawbacks shown by previous prototypes (i.e. lack of robustness, poor heating efficiency) is presented. The new device employs an optimized TM 010 cavity and nozzle design. MWTN performance was evaluated in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and compared to that provided by a concentric pneumatic nebulizer. Current MWTN design improves sample heating efficiency and system robustness. As a consequence, a 10 times lower matrix concentration than previous designs can be employed. The minimum inorganic (i.e. acids and salts) and organic (i.e. alcohols) concentrations required to nebulize are 0.25 and 40% w/w, respectively. The influence of microwave power (180-290 W), matrix nature (acids, salts and organics), sample uptake rate (0.9-1.8 mL min À1) and nebulizer critical dimensions, such as nozzle and PTFE capillary internal diameter (150-300 and 300-800 mm) and PTFE capillary length (50-150 cm) on the behaviour of the MWTN was studied. Optimum operating conditions for this nebulizer are obtained employing high microwave powers, matrix concentration and sample uptake rate, as well as nozzle and PTFE capillary with a narrow internal diameter. Although the MWTN behavior depends on the samples physical properties, aerosol drop size distributions and analyte transport rate for inorganic solutions above 2% w/w are independent of matrix composition. Current MWTN shows higher sensitivity and lower limits of detection (up to 12 times for acid solutions) than a conventional pneumatic nebulizer. The performance of the new prototype has been evaluated analyzing a certified bovine liver (CRM 185 R) and a spirit sample. Experimental results indicate that MWTN can be employed successfully for routine sample analysis.

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Elemental matrix effects in ICP-AES

Cited by 181 publications

References 298 publications

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Liquid-sample introduction in plasma spectrometry

Design and evaluation of an improved microwave-based thermal nebulizer for liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

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