Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract

In this work, the influence of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions on the emission signal of 34 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, I, In, Ir, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Sr, Te and Zn) in axially-viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry has been investigated. To this end, atomic and ionic emission signals for diluted glycerol, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions were registered and results were compared to those obtained for a 1% w w -1 nitric acid solution.Experimental results show that the emission intensities of As, Se and Te atomic lines are enhanced by charge transfer from carbon, sulfur and phosphorus ions. Iodine and P atomic emission is enhanced by carbon and sulfur-based charge transfer whereas the Hg atomic emission signal is enhanced only by carbon. Though signal enhancement due to charge transfer reactions is also expected for ionic emission lines of the above mentioned elements, no experimental evidence has been found with the exception of Hg ionic lines operating carbon solutions. The effect of carbon, sulfur and phosphorus charge transfer reactions on atomic emission depends on: (i) wavelength characteristics. In general, signal enhancement is more pronounced for electronic transitions involving the highest upper energy levels; (ii) plasma experimental conditions. The use of robust conditions (i.e. high r.f power and lower nebulizer gas flow rates) improves carbon, sulfur and phosphorus ionization in the plasma and, hence,

Speciation Analysis of Arsenic Compounds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Inductively Coupled Plasma Dynamic Reaction Cell Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Application for Vietnamese Rice Samples

“…It could be explained by the enhancement of analytical signal in the presence of carbon in the plasma source, which led to a phenomenon known as charge transfer reaction between the target analyte and C + or ArC + . This effect occurred in the plasma source as proposed by Kovačevič et al [21–23].…”

Development of preconcentration strategies for the simultaneous ultratrace determination of As, Cd and Pb in foods by ICP-OES: knotted-reactor vs. dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

“…These LOD improvements can be attributed to: (i) the preconcentration itself; (ii) the beneficial effect of the organic extractant on aerosol generation and transport in comparison to conventional aqueous solutions; 14 and (iii), particularly for As, carbon influence on analyte excitation-ionization mechanism. 34 Analytical figures of merit afforded by both KR and DLLME have also been compared with those previously reported in the literature operating these strategies with ICP-OES detection (Table 5). First, no comparison was feasible for As, since this element has not been previously studied with ICP-OES.…”

Spectroscopic diagnostics of axially viewed inductively coupled plasma and microwave induced plasma coupled to photochemical vapor generation with pneumatic nebulization inside a programmable temperature spray chamber

“…Similar trends were observed for Ar MIP. 14 In a number of papers, carbon-related matrix effect on plasma properties has been studied 15,16 including the effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids. [17][18][19][20] Also, the ethanol concentration inuence on plasma characteristics for Ar-MIP-OES coupled with CVG and a gas-liquid separator has been described by Włodarczyk andŻyrnicki.…”