Liquid-sample introduction in plasma spectrometry

Mora, Juan; Pérez, Salvador E. Maestre; Hernandis, Vicente; Todolı́, José-Luis

doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(03)00301-7

Cited by 75 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In order to explain this behaviour, it must be considered that the ICP emission signal depends mainly on the characteristics of the aerosols generated by the nebulizer and on the spray chamber design. 1,26 Finer aerosols improve solution (i.e. analyte and solvent) transport to the plasma, and hence the emission signal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of an improved microwave-based thermal nebulizer for liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A re-designed microwave-based thermal nebulizer (MWTN) that overcomes all the drawbacks shown by previous prototypes (i.e. lack of robustness, poor heating efficiency) is presented. The new device employs an optimized TM 010 cavity and nozzle design. MWTN performance was evaluated in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and compared to that provided by a concentric pneumatic nebulizer. Current MWTN design improves sample heating efficiency and system robustness. As a consequence, a 10 times lower matrix concentration than previous designs can be employed. The minimum inorganic (i.e. acids and salts) and organic (i.e. alcohols) concentrations required to nebulize are 0.25 and 40% w/w, respectively. The influence of microwave power (180-290 W), matrix nature (acids, salts and organics), sample uptake rate (0.9-1.8 mL min À1) and nebulizer critical dimensions, such as nozzle and PTFE capillary internal diameter (150-300 and 300-800 mm) and PTFE capillary length (50-150 cm) on the behaviour of the MWTN was studied. Optimum operating conditions for this nebulizer are obtained employing high microwave powers, matrix concentration and sample uptake rate, as well as nozzle and PTFE capillary with a narrow internal diameter. Although the MWTN behavior depends on the samples physical properties, aerosol drop size distributions and analyte transport rate for inorganic solutions above 2% w/w are independent of matrix composition. Current MWTN shows higher sensitivity and lower limits of detection (up to 12 times for acid solutions) than a conventional pneumatic nebulizer. The performance of the new prototype has been evaluated analyzing a certified bovine liver (CRM 185 R) and a spirit sample. Experimental results indicate that MWTN can be employed successfully for routine sample analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of an improved microwave-based thermal nebulizer for liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Mora

et al. 2008

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…1 Charge transfer reactions from C + species to analyte atoms. 2 Improvement of aerosol transport efficiency. 3 Not discussed.…”

Section: Non-spectroscopic Interferences or Matrix Effects Spectroscomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques, particularly renowned for their sensitivity and selectivity [1], are the most widely used for trace-element measurements [2]. Three ICP technologies have been developed: optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, also called atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES), mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [1,3] and to a lesser extent atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ICP-AFS).ICP sources allow the atomization and the almost complete ionization of all elements in a wide range of samples [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of organic/hydro-organic matrices in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry: A tutorial review. Part I. Theoretical considerations

Leclercq

Nonell

Torró

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Wash out time can be defined as the time required for reaching 1% of the stable signal after blank introduction, 1 and it depends on the experimental conditions and the system design (i.e. inner volume) used.…”

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Liquid samples are usually introduced in ICP-based techniques by means of a pneumatic concentric nebulizer attached to a spray chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of a new fully microwave-assisted liquid sample introduction device for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Grindlay

Gras

Montiel

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A new fully microwave-assisted liquid sample introduction system (MASIS) is presented and evaluated in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The device employs a single TM 010 microwave cavity for the simultaneous aerosol generation and desolvation. The different experimental requirements of both physical processes demand a careful system design and a judicious selection of the experimental conditions. The behavior of the MASIS depends on the: (i) microwave power; (ii) nebulizer nozzle inner diameter; (iii) sample uptake rate; and, (iv) matrix nature (i.e. acids, salts) and concentration. Thus, optimum operating conditions are obtained when increasing the microwave power, the matrix concentration and the sample uptake rate as well as when decreasing the nebulizer nozzle inner diameter. The analytical figures of merit afforded by the MASIS in ICP-AES are compared to those obtained with: (1) a pneumatic concentric nebulizer coupled to a cyclonic spray chamber (CS); (2) a microwave thermal nebulizer (MWTN) coupled to a cyclonic spray chamber; and (3) a pneumatic nebulizer coupled to a microwave desolvation system (MWDS). MASIS provides limits of detection up to 50 times lower than those obtained with the CS and up to 8 times lower than those with the MWTN and MWDS. No significant difference in the signal precision between the different devices tested is observed (i.e. 2-5%). Regarding the wash-out times, both MASIS and MWDS show the highest values of this parameter (i.e. 70 s) due to their higher inner volume. Wash-out time values for both MWTN and CS are lower than 30 s.

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Liquid-sample introduction in plasma spectrometry

Cited by 75 publications

References 22 publications

Design and evaluation of an improved microwave-based thermal nebulizer for liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Design and evaluation of an improved microwave-based thermal nebulizer for liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Introduction of organic/hydro-organic matrices in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry: A tutorial review. Part I. Theoretical considerations

Design and evaluation of a new fully microwave-assisted liquid sample introduction device for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

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