Elemental composition of PM and PM in urban environment in South Brazil

Braga, Cláudia Flores; Teixeira, Elba Calesso; Meira, Lindolfo; Wiegand, Flávio; Yoneama, M.L.; Dias, Johnny Ferraz

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.004

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Taking into account only the Brazilian cities, São Paulo e Porto Alegre, the results obtained in the present work are quite compatible with the values observed in Porto Alegre 14 and those found during the summer season in São Paulo, 17 but lower than the winter season results in this city, when thermal inversion layers provide unfavorable conditions for the dispersion of pollutants. 17 When comparing the two largest Brazilian cities, the BC/PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 /PM 10 ratios observed in Rio de Janeiro (Table S10) are quite similar to those ratios observed by Castanho and Artaxo 17 in São Paulo, about 0.25 and 0.60, respectively, despite all the existing geographical differences between these two cities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The observed black carbon (BC), the PM 2.5 , the PM 10-2.5 and the PM 10 mass concentrations are in the range of the reported in the literature for urban areas such as Bern and Zurich, 11 Edinburgh, 12 Auckland, 13 Porto Alegre, 14 Brisbane, 15 but lower when compared to cities like Ho Chi Minh, 16 São Paulo, 17 e Santiago 5 (Table S9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…17 When comparing the two largest Brazilian cities, the BC/PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 /PM 10 ratios observed in Rio de Janeiro (Table S10) are quite similar to those ratios observed by Castanho and Artaxo 17 in São Paulo, about 0.25 and 0.60, respectively, despite all the existing geographical differences between these two cities. On the other hand, Braga et al 14 have observed in Porto Alegre, a 6 million inhabitants city, located in South Brazil, a lower PM 2.5-10 /PM 10 ratio, 0.45. Figure 2 shows the mass concentration temporal variation for sampling point 3 and sampling point 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Soluri

Godoy

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foi realizada a amostragem de aerossol em dez locais distribuídos em diferentes regiões da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, de setembro/2003 a setembro/2004, em uma base semanal com amostragens de 24 horas. As frações do aerossol PM 2.5 e PM 2.5-10 foram amostradas usando um sistema com filtros em série. Foram determinadas: a massa do aerossol, carbono elementar, a concentração dos íons solúveis, assim como a concentração total de alumínio, cálcio, ferro, magnésio, potássio, sódio e titânio. A concentração mássica média anual do PM 10 variou de 18 a 38 μg m -3 , sem violação dos padrões brasileiros de qualidade do ar. Para as frações fina e grossa, entre 70 e 90% da massa medida foi identificada como sendo devido à poucas fontes, sendo que a poeira do solo explica 37-63% da massa da fração grossa (PM 2.5-10 ). Por outro lado, o carbono elementar e o aerossol secundário representam proporções elevadas (45-58%) da massa da fração fina (PM 2.5 ).Aerosol sampling was performed at ten sites distributed in different location of Rio de Janeiro city, from September/2003 to Sepetember/2004, on a weekly basis with 24 h sampling time interval. PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 aerosol particles were sampled using Stacked Filter Units (SFU). Aerosol mass, black carbon, water soluble ions concentration as well as total aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium and titanium concentration were determined. Mean annual PM 10 mass concentration ranged from 18 to 38 μg m -3 , without violation of the Brazilian air quality standards. For fine and coarse modes, between 70 and 90% of the measured mass was apportioned to relatively few sources, soil dust accounts for 37-63% of the coarse mode mass. On the other hand, black carbon and secondary aerosol, related to anthropogenic sources as fuel burning, represents very high proportions (45-58%) of the PM 2.5 mass.Keywords: Brazil, air pollution, aerosol, source apportionment IntroductionThe city of Rio de Janeiro is one of the twenty biggest urban agglomerations in the world, with 11 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area and the first, among the Brazilian cities, in respect to the population density, with 1700 hab/km 2 . 1,2 Among the metropolitans regions existing in the country, Rio de Janeiro has the highest degree of urbanization, 96.8%, and responds for 80% of the internal income of the State and 13% of the Country. 1,3 Factors such as local topography, irregular occupation of the space, presence of open sea and a fraction of the urban area at the Guanabara Bay influence the urban atmosphere of the city of Rio de Janeiro. These factors result in an efficient, however complex, regimen of atmospheric circulation, combining winds with the canalizations originated from its topography, and, consequently, contributing to an irregular distribution and dispersion of pollutants. The climatological evaluation of the atmospheric circulation in Rio de Janeiro shows that the highest wind direction frequency is from SouthSoutheast to Northeast sectors, along the year, with average wind velocity o...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Soluri

Godoy

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Elements with EF close to 1.0 have a strong natural component while elements with high enrichment factors tend to be of artificial origin. 31,32 In the PM 2.5 fraction, Si, Ca, Ti and Mn had EFs closer to 1.0 during both wet and dry seasons (Figure 4), suggesting they were attributed mainly to soil dust. Cu, Zn and Pb had higher EFs ( Figure 4) that might be associated with the influence of urban emissions of aerosols from Cuiabá, which has over 0.6 million inhabitants.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temporal patterns for Zn, which is indicative of an urban pollution source, 31,32 show relatively large day-to-day variations that lacked a consistent seasonal pattern and likely reflect high-frequency (i.e., daily) variations in synoptic weather patterns. By contrast, Si and Br, which are indicative of soil and biomass burning, respectively 12,33 , displayed larger variation and magnitude during the dry season.…”

Section: Figure 1 Map Of Brazil With the State Of Mato Grosso Highlimentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 for a savanna (cerrado) region of Southern Amazonia

Santanna¹,

Filho²,

Vourlitis³

et al. 2016

Quim. Nova

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publicado na web em 26/08/2016Brazil plays an important role with regard to the emission of aerosols into the atmosphere. Ecosystems such as the Amazonian tropical forest and Brazilian Cerrado are undergoing sweeping changes. These human activities promote an increase in the levels of gases and particles emitted into the atmosphere. To determine how these activities have affected the emission of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), atmospheric aerosol samples were collected continuously from June 2004 to April 2005 in the Cuiaba Basin of south-central Mato Grosso, Brazil. Aerosols were sampled using stacked filter units. Filters were analysed for particulate mass, black carbon and for concentrations of seventeen elements by Particle Induced X-Ray Emission. The results revealed that Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti and Fe were the major components detected in PM 2.5 and PM 10 . The high enrichment factors observed in PM 2.5 and PM 10 suggest that anthropogenic activities were the predominant source for elements such as Cu, Zn and Pb. These data indicate that most of the aerosols measured in the Cuiaba Basin originate from land conversion and biomass burning. These patterns are similar to those observed in other Cerrado and Amazonian forest areas that are undergoing rapid and spatially extensive land-cover change.

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Concentration and Source Origin of Trace Metals in PM2.5 Collected at Selected Canadian Sites within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance Program

Celo

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

2010

Urban Airborne Particulate Matter

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Elemental composition of PM and PM in urban environment in South Brazil

Cited by 52 publications

References 39 publications

Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Multi-site PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosol source apportionment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Elemental composition of PM10 and PM2.5 for a savanna (cerrado) region of Southern Amazonia

Concentration and Source Origin of Trace Metals in PM2.5 Collected at Selected Canadian Sites within the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance Program

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