Electrospun nanofibers as support for the healing of intestinal anastomoses

Abstract

The breakdown of intestinal anastomosis is a serious postsurgical complication. The worst complication is anastomotic leakage, resulting in contaminated peritoneal cavity, sepsis, multi-organ failure and even death. In problematic locations like the rectum, the leakage rate has not yet fallen below 10 %. Such a life-threatening condition is the result of impaired healing in the anastomotic wound. It is still vital to find innovative strategies and techniques in order to support regeneration of the anastomotic wound. This paper reviews the surgical techniques and biomaterials used, tested or published. Electrospun nanofibers are introduced as a novel and potential material in gastrointestinal surgery. Nanofibers possess several, unique, physical and chemical properties, that may effectively stimulate cell proliferation and collagen production; a key requirement for the healed intestinal wound.

Smart nanofibres for specific and ultrasensitive nanobiosensors and drug delivery systems

“…The application of nanofibres is very wide, starting from regenerative medicine, tissue engineering or drug delivery, to using filtering and membrane functions to create biosensors (Manea et al 2016). The biomedical use of nanofibres includes creating dressings or scaffolds for various fields of medicine: dentistry, traumatology and orthopaedics, abdominal surgery, vascular surgery, ophthalmology, neurology, and others (Vocetkova et al 2016;Beznoska et al 2019;Bellu et al 2021;Kralovic et al 2019). Nanofibres are also used to create structures with controlled release of drugs and drug delivery systems; widespread use is possible in cosmetology, skin regeneration, and rejuvenation haemostatic use (Vocetkova et al 2016;Esmaeil 2016Esmaeil 2017East et al 2018;Bellu et al 2021, Kralovic et al 2019 The use of polymer nanofibres as part of the bioreceptor of biosensor is discussed in the next section.…”

Low Concentrated Fractionalized Nanofibers as Suitable Fillers for Optimization of Structural–Functional Parameters of Dead Space Gel Implants after Rectal Extirpation

“…These limitations could be solved by a suitable additive such as nanofibers. As the active component, nanofibers are also widely proven as a convenient biomaterial with promising applications in medicine [ 21 ]. A clear disadvantage of nanofibers is their fragility and 2D-like structure.…”

Metronidazole Delivery Nanosystem Able To Reduce the Pathogenicity of Bacteria in Colorectal Infection

“…NPs made of chitosan (CH), a natural cationic polysaccharide derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin, offer the possibility of controlling the drug release rate to specific sites, in addition to their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, biodegradation by the bacterial flora of the colon, and mucoadhesive properties to the negatively charged luminal surface of the colon. , Based on its properties, MTZ-loaded CH NPs have been proposed for colonic applications. − However, there is no guarantee that such NPs reach the intervened colorectal region being confined to the anastomotic site. On the other side, electrospun fibrous meshes (eFMs) are polymeric substrates with excellent mechanical properties and surface characteristics that make them interesting in the biomedical field. − These substrates present high specific surface area, flexibility in the surface functionality, physical fibrous structure that mimics the morphology of the native extracellular matrix of most soft tissues, and porosity that allows the ingrowth of cells. These substrates become even more attractive because they allow the modification of their surface to be combined with delivery systems such as cationic CH NPs .…”