Electronic Waste Governance under “One Country, Two Systems”: Hong Kong and Mainland China

Wong, Natalie W. M.

doi:10.3390/ijerph15112347

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As the topic of e-waste recycling is vast, a series of papers have addressed this problem in different countries contexts such as: Brazil [22], Canada [23], China [24][25][26][27][28], Costa Rica [29], Ghana [30,31], Greece [32], Hong Kong [24], India [33], Italy [34], Japan [26], Mexico [35,36], New Zealand [7], Nigeria [19,37], South Korea [26], Sri Lanka [38], Taiwan [26,39], United Kingdom [40], United States [41], Vietnam [42], etc., by studying various aspects related to the e-waste recycling process in the context of the behavior of the consumers' located in these areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Individuals’ E-Waste Recycling Decision: A Case Study from Romania

et al. 2020

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Due to the increase of the amount of electrical and electronical equipment waste (e-waste), the understanding of individual consumers’ main decision triggers represents a key point in increasing the quantity of recycled e-waste. A series of studies from the literature have shown a positive relationship between the consumers’ attitude, awareness, self-efficacy, social norms, and their e-waste recycling intention, as well as the positive influence between the intention and the manifested behavior. Additional to these determinants, in the present study, the influence of social media was analyzed along with the actions taken by the government and nongovernmental organizations, with the purpose to include and to capture, as much as possible, a high amount of determinants in the e-waste recycling process. Nevertheless, the demographic or socio-economic variables, such as age, gender, income, education, number of family members, etc., have shown over time to have a contribution to predicting the consumers’ pro-recycling behavior. As on one side, in the research literature, the opinions related to which of the demographic or socio-economic factors can have an impact on the recycling behavior have been divided and, on another side, a series of researchers believe that the discrepancies in the findings of different studies can be due to culture in various countries, in this paper we conducted such an analysis with reference to the Romania’s case. The results have shown that the demographic variables, such as age and gender, can have a contribution to predicting residents’ pro-e-waste recycling behavior. Based on these findings, the policymakers can gain a better understanding of the e-waste recycling phenomenon and on its main triggers, with results in creating better policies for sustaining a proper e-waste managing system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Individuals’ E-Waste Recycling Decision: A Case Study from Romania

et al. 2020

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“…The trade of E-waste has also been addressed through legislative measures in the country. In 2018, the government implemented rules towards banning the import of waste (Wong 2018) The current policy successes in a few representatives from the emerging economies refers to the fact that the evolution of policy processes should be systematic, organized and stepwise. It is evident from the review that the countries that took such a systematic approach are today at a better position to deal with their E-waste complexities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy approaches on E-waste in the emerging economies: A review of the existing governance with special reference to India and South Africa

Borthakur

2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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The stream of E-waste has observed a considerable intensification in the recent decade rendering its management a major challenge to the contemporary world. Considering the complexities associated with this toxic stream of waste, this paper is an attempt to review the existing E-waste governance in the emerging economies, taking into consideration the evidence and experiences of a number of representative countries. Emerging economies are instrumental in the growth and sustenance of the global economy today. However, certain issues such as the governance of E-waste is yet to be studied adequately in these countries and still remains an unexplored area of research. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations along with South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Turkey, Mexico are considered as representatives of the emerging countries. A systematic literature search has been carried out in Scopus and Web of Science to aid our study. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to situate the research scenario in India and South Africa in particular. We observe that the European Union's landmark WEEE Directive and RoHS Directive have considerable influence on the policies of most of the emerging economies considered for our study purpose. We argue that it is imperative to have a local specific, systematic, organize and stepwise approach towards formulating and implementing the E-waste policies in the respective countries. The fact that, a few representatives from the well-known emerging economies are underrepresented in the E-waste research necessitates adequate attention from the scientific community and policymakers. Overall, it could be concluded that, barring a handful of representative countries, E-waste governance in the emerging economies are yet to be addressed comprehensively both by themselves and the global North.

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“…Keskitalo et al pointed out that social network analysis can provide insight into multiple interaction patterns between organizations and within organizations [ 24 ]. Wong drew on the policy network approach to provide an interpretation framework for e-waste governance in Hong Kong and mainland of China, identifying the major barriers to effective cross-border e-waste control and prevention [ 25 ]. In view of the superiority of networked analysis methods, it has important application prospects in the research of e-waste governance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the superiority of networked analysis methods, it has important application prospects in the research of e-waste governance. Wong also believed that “ institutional arrangements play a dominant role in governing e-waste policy networks at the local level of governance in Hong Kong and China ” [ 25 ]. China’s hierarchical bureaucracy structure with fragmented administration authorities make it complicated for governing e-waste recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Holistic Governance of China’s E-Waste Recycling: Evolution of Networked Policies

Xiu-li

Miao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Electronic products are being updated and replaced much faster and there is therefore an increasing growth in electronic waste (e-waste). In order to promote professional recycling of e-waste, the relevant government departments of China have published a series of policies. This paper aims to unearth the evolution tendency of the networked policies towards holistic governance of China’s e-waste recycling. Content analysis, quantitative text analysis and network analysis are applied to analyze relevant policy documents from 2001 to 2016. This paper illustrates evolution of policy themes, evolution of intergovernmental relationships, and evolution of policy relations. This study reveals policy intentions, maps policy progress, and unearths governance philosophy, providing an overall understanding of the policy ways by which the Chinese government has deployed its guiding strategies on professional recycling of e-waste. This paper illustrates how to approach holistic governance from perspective of networked policies, contributing to answering the central question of holistic governance about how to achieve it.

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Electronic Waste Governance under “One Country, Two Systems”: Hong Kong and Mainland China

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Determinants of Individuals’ E-Waste Recycling Decision: A Case Study from Romania

Determinants of Individuals’ E-Waste Recycling Decision: A Case Study from Romania

Policy approaches on E-waste in the emerging economies: A review of the existing governance with special reference to India and South Africa

Towards Holistic Governance of China’s E-Waste Recycling: Evolution of Networked Policies

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