Electron emission from ferroelectric materials

Rosenman, G.; Rez, I. S.

doi:10.1063/1.354059

Cited by 85 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(1) and as, for example, reported in Refs. [24,25]. It is, hence, physically meaningless to distinguish between a 'low and a high emission current regime' [22], since, in agreement with observation, the same laws of nature govern electrodynamically the emission processes for low and high intensities.…”

Section: 1 Spontaneous Polarization Switching and Electron Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) assuming homogeneous switching throughout the FE sample. However, in spite of the very small number of FE domains switching per unit time, weak electron emission is observed (for example [3,5,24,25]) because the inhomogeneous, burst-like, 'full' P s -switching of groups of domains generates locally the high field amplitudes on the surface necessary for electron emission. The electrons are emitted from the FE surface into the adjacent vacuum or gas-filled volume with a distribution of finite kinetic electron energies:…”

Section: 1 Spontaneous Polarization Switching and Electron Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Features and technology of ferroelectric electron emission

Riege

Boscolo

Handerek

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spontaneous electrical polarization of ferroelectric materials can be changed either by reversal or by phase transition from a ferroelectric into a non-polar state or vice versa. If spontaneous polarization changes are induced at a submicrosecond time-scale, strong uncompensated surface charge densities and related fields are generated, which may lead to the intense self-emission of electrons from the negatively-charged free surface areas of the ferroelectric cathode. The nature of this self-emission differs essentially from other methods of ferroelectric electron emission and from conventional electron emission in that the latter methods are only achieved by extracting electrons with externally applied electric fields. When electron guns are constructed with ferroelectric cathodes, new design criteria have to be taken into account. The intensity, the energy, the temporal and spatial distribution and the repetition rate of the emitted electron beams can be adjusted within wide limits. The advantages of ferroelectric cathodes and the technological difficulties arising during their production, preparation, and operation are identified and discussed and solutions to the problems are proposed. Experiences with a few applications of ferroelectric electron emission are reported and suggestions for further applications are made.

show abstract

Section: 1 Spontaneous Polarization Switching and Electron Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1 Spontaneous Polarization Switching and Electron Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features and technology of ferroelectric electron emission

Riege

Boscolo

Handerek

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…INTRODUCTION case, the main purpose is to obtain an insulator sleeve with a ferroelectric material surface. The Lead Germanate (PG)[7] is a good candidate for that material surface In plasma focus discharges it seems that the current beas itehbt.xeletcniinso.dein sheath generation and energy transfer to the pinch plasma decation,iglass-ceramic comoition, ow meling is the main problem. Plasma focus formation shows a…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric Thick Film in Insulator Sleeve on a Low Energy Plasma Focus

Sylvester

Silva

Moreno

et al. 2005

2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ferroelectric ceramic the electron emission could be enhanced in order to optimize current sheath formation of The effect of ferroelectric lead germanate a plasma focus system. Pb5Ge3O11 thick film in the alumina insulator sleeveThe nice initial formation and hind evolution of the of a 400 Joules Mather-type plasma focus device is current sheath on the insulator surface is required for an studied. The breakdown phase along the insulator is efficient plasma in a Z-Pinch structure. Under this fundamental for the formation of a homogeneous and conditions, for an initial formation of the current sheath, is symmetric current sheath. For over several hundreds important a symmetric generation of the electron electrical discharges, the different films show good avalanche and free of multiple channel surface flashover. mechanical and electric performance. From the Some of the new ferroelectric materials, with special beginning, the drive system operation is highly physical conditions in order to enhance the electron reproducible, shot to shot, with a clear definition of emission, differs from the conventional electron emitters the plasma pinch on the axis of discharge. The (photoelectronic, thermionic, field emitters, etc.). The influence grade of the electron emission from ferroelectric electron emission can be excited under ferroelectric is experimentally studied. external perturbations like flashover voltage. The FEE effect is observed in many ferroelectric ceramics specially in the commercial ones like the PZT and PLZT. In our

show abstract

“…It is generally considered that electron emission occurs due to a disturbance of the equilibrium between screening and bound charge in the surface layer of ferroelectric provoked by the pyroeffect, 5 piezoeffect, 6 bulk photovoltaic effect, 7 fast transition from the nonferroelectric to ferroelectric phase or reversal of the spontaneous polarization by switching 1,[8][9][10] or, in other words, by variation of the ferroelectric polarization, accompanied with an appearance of noncompensated charge in the surface region of ferroelectrics. [11][12][13][14] In this letter we present a study of electron emission from PZT ferroelectric films several m thick, grown on conductive substrates of stainless-steel foil by rf sputtering at Institute of Physics of Rostov State University ͑Russia͒. The film chemical composition corresponded to the morphotropic phase transition region of coexistence of ferroelectric tetragonal and rhombohedral phases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron emission spectra from lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric films on stainless-steel substrates

Sviridov

Bihan

Liateni

et al. 1998

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emission of electrons from lead zirconate titanate films was measured using excitation voltage pulses of different waveforms. Time-resolved measurements of the emission, voltage, and circuit current were conducted simultaneously. Electron emission spectra excited by a sine-wave voltage exhibited two distinguishable peaks arising every second half period of the applied voltage. Electron emission was also induced by film excitation with either square-wave voltage below coercive field, or unipolar pulses of appropriate polarity. The peculiarities of the emission are considered in terms of reversal of both induced (dielectric) and spontaneous (ferroelectric) polarization. Excitation of the electron emission in the “inversion of induced charge” mode seems to eliminate problems associated with reversal of spontaneous polarization as fatigue and necessity of resetting.

show abstract

Electron emission from ferroelectric materials

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inElectron emission characteristics from a single crystalline ferroelectric material by an infrared light irradiation J.

Cited by 85 publications

References 11 publications

Features and technology of ferroelectric electron emission

Features and technology of ferroelectric electron emission

Ferroelectric Thick Film in Insulator Sleeve on a Low Energy Plasma Focus

Electron emission spectra from lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric films on stainless-steel substrates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About