Electron-Beam-Induced Conduction in Polystyrene

Kyokane, Jun; Harada, S.; Yoshino, Katsumi; Inuishi, Yoshio

doi:10.1143/jjap.18.1479

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Combining our measurements with those of Kyokane et a1 [2], we conclude that there is considerable structure in the density of localized states in polystyrene, and that there are at least three peaks in the distribution: (i) A major peak at about 0.4eV below the mobility edge Eo, which we do not resolve in our measurements, but which dominates in trap-limited band motion. Traps in the vicinity of 0.4eV would be emptied long before the voltage peak in the charging step.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Sample thicknesses range from 3 to 7.5 pm, and surface potentials range from 50 to 200 V. Substituting in the transit time equation t = L2/,uV, we conclude that a space charge sweep-out transient should be resolvable for p < 10" cm2 V" s-l . M easurements by Kyokane et a1 [2] indicate that electron mobilities in polystyrene are of the order 2 X cm2 V" S-' at 20 "C. Earlier measurements by Martin and Hirsch [lo] indicate an electron mobility of about cm2 V" s-l in polystyrene. As these mobility values indicate, we cannot resolve the space charge transient in polystyrene in our experiment, and it is reasonable to assume that the decay transients we observe are the isothermal transients described in equations ( 2) and ( 4), unperturbed by space charge effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Time-of-flight measurements of electrons in polystyrene by Kyokane et a1 [2], based on the injection of 15 kV electrons into electroded samples, indicate a macroscopic mobility of 2.5 X cm2 V" S" at 20 "C, with an activation energy of 0.38 to 0.40 eV, and an extrapolated value of free carrier mobility p 0 of about 13 cm2 V" s-l . These measurements are consistent with trap-limited band motion, and the activation energy indicates a major peak in trap 0022-37271901121479 + 06 $03.50 @ 1990 IOP Publishing Ltd distribution located 0.4 eV below the mobility edge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) where N(E,) is the density of occupied states at the demarcation energy E,. Substituting for ( E , -E,) from equation (2) gives the time dependence of n(t), and hence of current,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energy distribution of localized states in polystyrene, based on isothermal discharge measurements

Watson¹

1990

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The energy distribution of localized states in monodisperse polystyrene (37000 MWt) has been studied by observing the detrapping of electrons from the polymer. The states are populated by means of an electron beam. A 2.2 kV beam is used to inject a short pulse of charge into the free surface of a thin film of the polymer and a second electron beam monitors the surface potential of the film. The surface potential is proportional to trapped charge density, and the time derivative of the potential is a measure of the current flow, which is related to the release kinetics of the electrons trapped in the polymer. The release of electrons from traps is analysed in terms of a demarcation energy, E,,,. Following Simmons and Tam's analysis of the isothermal discharge this energy is so defined that the release of the excess electrons from traps of depth E,,, occurs in a time equal to the elapsed time from the injection event. The energy E,,, is then related to elapsed time through the equation E,,, = kTln(vot), and the density of occupied states at E,,, is proportioned to t d V/dt. From the temperature dependence of the appearance time of peaks in the density of localized states, the attempt frequency y o can be calculated. Based on such measurements, at temperatures from 30 to 90 "C, we estimate the attempt frequency to be about 10" S-'.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) where N(E,) is the density of occupied states at the demarcation energy E,. Substituting for ( E , -E,) from equation (2) gives the time dependence of n(t), and hence of current,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energy distribution of localized states in polystyrene, based on isothermal discharge measurements

Watson¹

1990

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Usually high-energy radiation pulses penetrating completely the test samples have been used. Nevertheless, some interesting data concerning this phenomenon have been obtained using low energy electron facilities [5,9,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Nearly all common polymers have been studied, some in a wide temperature range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐resolved nanosecond radiation‐induced conductivity in polymers

et al. 1986

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Nanosecond time-resolved RIC in some 30 polymers excited by a 40 ns, 8 MeV electron pulse has been studied. Irradiation was carried out in vacuum a t room temperature. For some polymers comparative investigations in the microsecond time region are also reported. Data analysis is based on the concept of geminate electrons controlling pulsed conductivity. It is shown that the application of the dispersive transport formalism allows to gain valuable information concerning the initial effective mobility and the frequency factor directly from the experiment. Die zeitaufgeloste strahlungsinduzierte Leitfahigkeit yon Polymeren im Nanosekundenbereich Die strahlungsinduzierte Leitfahigkeit von mehr als 30 Polymeren nach Anregung durch einen Elektronenimpuls (40 ns, 8 MeV) wurde im Nanosekundenbereich untersucht. Die Bestrahlung erfolgte im Vakuum bei Zimmertemperatur. An einigen Polymeren wurden auch vergleichende Untersuchungen im Mikrosekundenbereich durchgefiihrt. Die Analyse der Meliwerte erfolgt auf Basis des Konzepts der durch die erzeugten Ladungstragerpaare kontrollierten Leitfahigkeit. Es wird gezeigt, daD unter Zugrundelegung des Modells eines dispersiven Ladungstransports wertvolle Informationen uber die effektive Anfangsbeweglichkeit und zum Frequenzfaktor unmittelbar aus dem Experiment erhalten werden konnen. HaHocercyxalcan paaua yuonno-wnynbcnan snel~mponposodnocmb nonmepos Coo61qam~cs pe3yJlbTaTbl EICCJIeAOBaHEIH HaHOCeKYHAHO& paAaaqEIOHHO-EIMIIynbCHO& 3JleKTpOIIpOBO,QHOCTM, B03-6yxqae~oZt B IIOnEIMepaX (HCCJIeAOBaHO donee 30) YCKOpeHHbIX 3JIeKTpOHOB (3HeprEIH 8 M3B). &Ill PRna IIOJIEIMepOB BbIIIOJIHeHM CpaBHEITenbHbIe IlCCneAOBaHaH M B MEKpOCeKyHAHO& o 6 n a c~a . A~a n n 3 AaHHblX IIPOBOAEITCH H a OCHOBe IIOHHTEIH 0 reMHHaJTbHO& 3JleKTpOnpOBOAHOCTEI. n O K a 3 a H 0 , YTO IIpkiMeHHe KOHqeII~EIH AkiCIIepCEIOHHOrO TpaHCIIOpTa II03BOJIHeT IIOJlyWlCb QeHHYH) EIH@OPMElqMH) DO HaqaJIbHO& IlOABEIH(HOCTI4 HOCliTeJre& 3apRAa II WlCTOTHOMY @aKTOpy IIPHMO 113 3KCIIePEIMeHTaJIbHbIX AaHHblX. KOPOTKEIMEI IfMIIynbCaMA (40 HC)

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Radiation‐induced conductivity in polystyrene as a hopping phenomenon

et al. 1986

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Transient radiation-induced conductivity of polystyrene resulting from single pulses (0.3 ms) of 65 keV electrons in vacuum has been investigated. The activation energy of the delayed component was found to be 0.17 eV. Doping of polystyrene with additives (rhodamine-6G, tetracyanoethylene) is consistent with the fact that this polymer is hole conducting. Transit time effects in polymer films of 20 pm thickness are practically absent a t fields less then l o 8 V/m.The application of the proposed theory of the transient hopping conduction and its relationship to the conventional band model of photo-and radiation-induced conductivity in amorphous semiconductors is also discussed. Strahlungsinduzierte Leitfahigkeit yon Polystyren als Hopping-PhanomenDie transiente strahlungsinduzierte Leitfahigkeit von Polystyren nach Elektronenbestrahlung mit Einzelimpulsen (65 keV; 0,3 ms) wurde gemessen. Die Aktivierungsenergie der verzogerten Komponente betragt 0,17 eV. Die Dotierung des Polymers mit Rhodamin-6G und Tetracyanethylen ist mit der Annahme vertraglich, daB Polystyren Defektelektronen-Leitung besitzt. Bei den angewandten Feldstarken unter l o 8 V/m treten praktisch keine Transitzeiteffekte in 20 pm dieken Polymerfilmen auf. Die Anwendung der vorgeschlagenen Theorie der transienten Hopping-Leitung und ihre Beziehungen zum konventionellen Bandermodell der licht-und strahlungsinduzierten Leitfahigkeit amorpher Halbleiter werden diskutiert. Paduayuonno-undy yuposaxnm npbwxoeas npoeodwocmb nofiucmupoJcaI'fCCJIe~OBaHa HeCTaqHOHapHaR paAHaqOHHaH 3JIeKTpOIIpOBOHHOCTb IIOJIllCTElpOJIa IIpH B03AefiCTBHH OAIlHOYHhIX AMnyJIbCOB (0,3 MC) BJIeKTPOHOR c3H€!prHe& 65 K3B B BaKyyMe 3 * lo4 rk3. OIIpeAeJIeHa 3HeprllFI aKTHBaqHH 3aAep-HtaHHOfi COCTaBJIRloIIIefi HHAYqHpOBaHHO# 3JIeKTpOIIpOBOAHOCTH (0,17 3B). nOKa3aH0, YTO XapaKTep AefiCTBIlFI AOHOpHO-aKqeIITOpHbIX ~0 6 a~o~ (POAaMHH -6 X , TeTpaI(IlaH3TIlJIeH) COOTBeTCTBYeT n p e o 6 n a~a m~e~y BKJIaAy AbIPOK B HHAYqHPOBaHHYH) 3JIeKTpOnpOBOAHOcTb. a@@?KTbI BpeMeHH IIpOJIeTa B IIJIeHKaX IIOJIHCTApOJIa TOJIuHHOfi 20 MKM IIpaKTHqeCKH OTCYTCTBYIOT B 3JIeKTpHYeCKHX IIOJIRX He 6onee 10' B/M. O~C~X A~~T C F I BOIIpOCbI OIIHCBHHFI ~a 6 n r n~a e~~x FIBneHHfi B paMKaX HeCTagHOHapHOfi TeOpkiH IIphIHtKOBOfi 8JleKTpOIIOpOBOAHOCTH I4 ee B3&MOOTHO-IIIeHBFI C KJIaCCH4eCKOfi 30HHOfi MOAeJIbHIO @OTO-H paAHaqHOHHOfi IIPOBOAHMOCTH HeyIIOpHAOYeHHbIX TBepAbIX TeJI.

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Electron-Beam-Induced Conduction in Polystyrene

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

The energy distribution of localized states in polystyrene, based on isothermal discharge measurements

The energy distribution of localized states in polystyrene, based on isothermal discharge measurements

Time‐resolved nanosecond radiation‐induced conductivity in polymers

Radiation‐induced conductivity in polystyrene as a hopping phenomenon

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