“…1−3 They can be fabricated by chemical lithography, 4 microcontact printing (μCP), 5 electron-beam lithography (EBL), 6 electronbeam chemical lithography (EBCL), 7,8 and dip-pen nanodisplacement lithography (DNL), 9 etc. Among these methods, although μCP is a particularly simple and cost-effective tool to fabricate polymer brushes, the master preparation process still requires the expensive and complex UV lithographic instrument.…”