Electrochemically Reduced Titania Nanotube Synthesized from Glycerol-Based Electrolyte as Supercapacitor Electrode

Abstract

In this paper the synthesis of self-organized Titania nanotubes (TNTs) by a facile potentiostatic anodization in a glycerol-based electrolyte is reported. The optimized TNTs were subsequently reduced through a cathodic reduction process to enhance its capacitive performance. FESEM and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized samples. XPS analysis confirmed the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ ions in the reduced Titania nanotubes (R-TNTs). The tube diameter and separation between the tubes were greatly influenced by the applied voltage. TNTs synthesized at voltage of 30 V for 60 min exhibited 86 nm and 1.1 µm of tube diameter and length, respectively and showed high specific capacitance of 0.33 mF cm−2 at current density of 0.02 mA cm−2. After reduction at 5 V for 30 s, the specific capacitance increased by about seven times (2.28 mF cm−2) at 0.5 mA cm−2 and recorded about 86% capacitance retention after 1000 continuous cycling at 0.2 mA cm−2, as compared to TNTs, retained about 61% at 0.01 mA cm−2. The charge transfer resistance drastically reduced from 6.2 Ω for TNTs to 0.55 Ω for R-TNTs, indicating an improvement in the transfer of electrons and ions across the electrode–electrolyte interface.

Thermal Treatment of Polyvinyl Alcohol for Coupling MoS2 and TiO2 Nanotube Arrays toward Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance

“…Figure 2 shows the cyclic voltammograms (CV) curves under dark condition of samples that were polarized from the resting potential to 1 V and back to −1 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte solution. As in previous publications, the specific surface area of TNAs is high due to their tubular structures that contribute on an extension of spacing for the rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions leading to an increase the capacitive performance [25,26]. As a result, a characteristic anodic peak in the range −1 < E < −0.5 V appeared relating to the reduction of Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ ions, indicating that the high density of Ti 3+ states causes low resistances and that an increase in current occurred [27,28].…”

A Review on the Fabrication and Characterization of Titania Nanotubes Obtained via Electrochemical Anodization

“…The process can be carried out at a constant poten constant current (galvanostatic) mode, or with a gradual (potentiodynamic) or current (galvanodynamic). As constan uniform and self-organized nanotubes, a majority of the anod constant potential mode ranging from 6 V to 60 V [55, [63][64][65]. advantages and disadvantages of the fabrication processes for The electrochemical anodizing setup for titania fabrication consists of two electrodes, an electrolyte, and an external DC source to provide a controlled voltage.…”

“…The process can be carried out at a constant potential (potentiostatic) mode, constant current (galvanostatic) mode, or with a gradual increase in the potential (potentiodynamic) or current (galvanodynamic). As constant potential provides more uniform and self-organized nanotubes, a majority of the anodizing work is reported at a constant potential mode ranging from 6 V to 60 V [55, [63][64][65]. Table 1 summarizes some advantages and disadvantages of the fabrication processes for TNTs mentioned above.…”

Perkembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Jambi Abad XX: Studi Kasus Seberang Kota Jambi

“…18 Namun, setelah tahun 1950-an 19 dimana Kementerian Agama mulai aktif melakukan penataan kembali dengan menyesuaikan terhadap kurikulum modern, keempat madrasah tersebut mulai mengalami mengalami krisis dan kemunduran sebab pengadopsian pelajaran umum yang dilakukan tidak dapat berjalan dengan baik dan pelajaran umum tersebut hanya dijadikan sebagai lintas minat yang tidak wajib untuk di pelajari. Madrasah-madasah ini mengalami kesulitan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan modernisasi pendidikan yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Agama apalagi setelah masyarakat beralih ke Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) yang mulai berdiri pada tahun 1975 20 dan dari keempat madrasah tersebut, yaitu madrasah Nurul Islam nyaris hampir tutup 21 dan sekarang madrasah ini dioperasikan menggunakan sistem pendidikan formal dengan jenjang pendidikian TK dan SD serta dijadikan sebagai tempat mengaji sore anak-anak sekitar. 22 Selain keempat madrasah tersebut, di Seberang Kota Jambi juga berdiri madrasah As'ad yang di pelopori oleh K.H.…”