A Review on the Fabrication and Characterization of Titania Nanotubes Obtained via Electrochemical Anodization

Abstract

Recently, titania nanotubes (TNTs) have been extensively studied because both their functional properties and highly controllable morphology make them important building blocks for understanding nanoscale phenomena and realizing nanoscale devices. Compared with sol–gel and template-assisted methods, electrochemical anodization is a simple, cost-effective, and low-temperature technique offering additional advantages such as straightforward processing and ease of scale-up. This review focuses on the process modalities and underlying mechanism of electrochemical anodization to achieve a different set of TNTs for a variety of applications. Finally, important applications of TNTs are highlighted including biomedical devices, water purification, and solar cells.

Effect of titanium nanostructured surface on fibroblast behavior

“…Electrolytic modification of titanium surface in an aquatic electrolyte is rare compared to the organic one, as mentioned in the following review publications 43,44 ; however, it provides much better cellular compatibility. It was proven by adhesion and proliferation studies (Figure 4).…”

Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanocomposites: Properties, Synthesis, and Their Application in Energy Storage

“…It also allows for the control of stoichiometry and produces homogeneous materials. Due to its low cost and simple preparation methodology, this method has been widely used in the synthesis of TiO 2 nanotubes [61,63]. During the synthesis process, titanium foil is utilized as the working electrode while platinum foil is used as the counter electrode.…”

An Overview of Hydrothermally Synthesized Titanate Nanotubes: The Factors Affecting Preparation and Their Promising Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Moreover, TNTs offer a distinguished profile of specifications that could be interesting in numerous fields, such as their hydrophilic nature, good wettability and biocompatibility [2,3,5], chemical stability [5], photocatalytic activity [5], excellent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance [5,6], in addition to low toxicity [7][8][9][10]. Due to these remarkable specifications, TNTs have been successfully utilized in numerous fields with great outcomes and impressive performance (Figure 1) making them attractive candidates for investigation of their potentials in further disciplines [5,[11][12][13]. Although some attempts have been made to investigate the possible application of these newly synthesized materials in biomedical research, few of them have focused on their application in the pharmaceutical field as drug carriers [5,[14][15][16][17].…”

“…Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 19 nano-size combined with tubular structure are unique properties which differentiate them from other types of nanoparticles (NPs), giving them higher surface area and cellular uptake [3,4]. Moreover, TNTs offer a distinguished profile of specifications that could be interesting in numerous fields, such as their hydrophilic nature, good wettability and biocompatibility [2,3,5], chemical stability [5], photocatalytic activity [5], excellent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance [5,6], in addition to low toxicity [7][8][9][10]. Due to these remarkable specifications, TNTs have been successfully utilized in numerous fields with great outcomes and impressive performance (Figure 1) making them attractive candidates for investigation of their potentials in further disciplines [5,[11][12][13].…”