Electrochemical Study of 2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazine as Derivatization Reagent and Aldehydes at Carbon Glassy Electrode

Abstract

A selective method based on derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is described for the determination of several carbonyl compounds. The factors affecting the derivatization reaction of aldehyde and DNPH were investigated. The product of the derivatization reaction has been characterized by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, NMR, infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Then, an electrochemical study for the determination of aldehyde‐2.4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone was performed at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using square wave voltammetry (SWV). After the optimization of experimental parameters, the limits of detection (at 3σ) obtained for all aldehyde‐2,4‐DNPH were varied from 15.82 to 78.39 μmol L−1 and relative standard deviations were between 1.8 and 4.5%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to determine the aldehydes concentration in drinking water and orange juice samples with satisfactory results.

Review—Recent Advances in Direct and Indirect Methods for Sensing Carbonyl Compounds Aldehydes in Environment and Foodstuffs

“…Indeed, various electroanalytical techniques have been applied for the characterization of aldehydes namely square-wave voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry. 24,25,62,63 However, the direct analysis of aldehydes is sometimes suffered from delicate implementation and does not give the best results expected. However, other methods coupled with prior derivatization have also been used successfully for aldehydes analysis.…”

“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has also been applied for determining aldehydes via derivatization of 2,4-DNPH. 24 It is used to explain the interaction mechanism between 2,4-DNPH and aldehydes based on the measurement of conductivity as a function of the concentration of aldehydes. The results show a charge transfer process mainly controlling the reaction of aldehydes with 2,4-DNPH.…”

“…These methods fall into two categories: direct and indirect methods that often use chromatographic, spectroscopic and electrochemical proceedings. In this context, various detective strategies and analytical methods have been developed to determine aldehydes, such as fluorimetry, 16,17 infrared spectroscopy, 18 photoacoustic spectroscopy, 19 mass spectrometry, 20,21 electrochemistry, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] field-effect sensors, 30 and quartz crystal microbalances. 31 Therefore, the purpose of this work is to discuss several available direct and indirect methods for the determination of aldehydes in the environment and foodstuffs.…”

Electrochemical Sensor for Carbonyl Groups in Oxidized Proteins

“…However, for analytical purpose, the sensing element must be a molecule capable of recognizing carbonyl groups on the oxidized protein, and able to detect a broad range of concentrations. On the other hand, the electrochemical detection of several aldehydes and ketones after derivatization with DNPH in solution phase was reported. , …”

“…On the other hand, the electrochemical detection of several aldehydes and ketones after derivatization with DNPH in solution phase was reported. 23,24 The objective of this study was to develop an electrochemical sensor for the detection of carbonyl groups of oxidized proteins. For this, DNPH was used as the recognition element and immobilized at the glassy carbon electrode surface through a mixed matrix composed by nafion and 4styrenesulfonic acid.…”