Electrochemical Sensing of Caffeic Acid Using Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Layer by Sinusoidal Voltage Procedure

Abstract

The increasing demand for sensitive electrochemical sensors in various medical and industrial applications promotes the fabrication of novel sensing materials with improved electrocatalytic and analytical performances. This work deals with the development of a composite material based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer for electrochemical determination of caffeic acid (CA). CA is a phenolic compound with excellent antioxidant properties that is present in vegetables, fruits, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Its analytical quantification is of great interest in food production monitoring and healthcare applications. Therefore, the development of sensitive analytical devices for CA monitoring is required. The AuNPs have been prepared in situ onto PEDOT coated glassy carbon electrode (GC) by means of an innovative procedure consisting on the use of a sinusoidal voltage (SV) superimposed on a constant potential. The physico-chemical properties of the PEDOT-AuNPs composite material were investigated by a range of techniques including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning electron microscopy. The glassy carbon electrode/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-gold nanoparticles-sinusoidal voltage (GC/PEDOT-AuNPs-SV) sensor exhibited good analytical performance toward the CA quantification with a linear response over a wide concentration range from 10 µM to 1 mM. In addition, the proposed GC/PEDOT-AuNPs-SV sensor was successfully applied in the determination of total polyphenols content expressed as equivalents of CA in juice samples.

Developing a CNT-SPE Sensing Platform Based on Green Synthesized AuNPs, Using Sargassum sp.

“…These sensors are useful tools, which can detect low concentrations of different compounds in small sample volumes. They are highly selective and sensitive, and it can be easily miniaturized for the development of the portable analytical devices [5].…”

Characterization of Inherently Chiral Electrosynthesized Oligomeric Films by Voltammetry and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

“…In addition, CPs are widely used as electrode modifiers to fine-tune the performance and quality of a variety of substrates [ 2 ]. In this regard, considerable attention has been devoted to the preparation of CP-modified electrodes to be employed as chemo- and bio-sensors to enhance sensitivity and selectivity in electroanalytical applications [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among other desired sensing properties, enantiomer discrimination and quantification are fundamental for chiral compounds of interest in pharmaceutical, food, fragrance and environmental fields.…”

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

“…Considering polymers, traditional conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and PEDOT [ 82 , 84 , 94 , 95 , 124 , 135 , 181 , 197 ] were preferentially employed for their conductivity and electrocatalytic properties, while natural polymers such as chitosan or gelatin and eggshell membranes [ 74 , 80 , 81 , 147 , 186 ] acted as green and eco-friendly reducing, stabilizing, and dispersing agents for gold nanomaterials.…”

“…The formulation of the nanocomposite includes the preparation of a binary composite (PEDOT-MeSH/YRFC) and inclusion of AuNPs on PEDOT-MeSH/YRFC. PEDOT-MeSH was obtained by chemical oxidation of a thiol-grafted 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer (EDOT-MeSH) in the presence of YRFC [ 82 ]. From the morphological analysis, it is evident that YRFC can be considered a hard template where the polymer grew and where AuNPs are incorporated.…”