Electrochemical properties of positive electrode in lead-acid battery modified by ammonium-based ionic liquids

Abstract

The influence of selected types of ammonium ionic liquid (AIL) additives on corrosion and functional parameters of lead-acid battery positive electrode was examined. AILs with a bisulfate anion used in the experiments were classified as protic, aprotic, monomeric, and polymeric, based on the structure of their cation. Working electrodes consisted of a lead-calcium-tin alloy utilized in the industry for manufacturing current collectors of positive electrodes in lead-acid batteries (LABs). This alloy was used in the first part of the study for the evaluation of corrosion intensity and stability of electrolyte with AIL additives. In the second part, the grid made of the examined alloy was covered with positive active mass, the composition of which was modified by selected AIL. The selection of an appropriate substance was made based on parameters such as corrosion potential, corrosion current, polarization resistance, and hydrogen and oxygen evolution potentials. Techniques such as linear sweep voltammetry, corrosimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used. The conducted measurements revealed that polymeric AIL additive had an exceptionally positive influence on the inhibition of the corrosion process in LAB and electrochemical window of the electrolyte. The influence of this compound on the specific capacity and resistance of the active mass was also discussed.

N-Doped Graphene Oxide as Additive for Fumed Silica Based Gel Electrolyte of Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries

“…This was indicating enhanced solid electrolyte interface in gelled system prepared in 180 min with potential preventing of the self-discharge of the battery. [68][69][70] Structural features of the lead electrodes after cyclic voltammetric analysis in the N-GrOP including gelled electrolyte prepared at 30, 120, 180, and 240 min agitation times were examined by SEM analysis (Fig. 12).…”

Enhanced cycle life of starter lighting ignition (SLI) type lead–acid batteries with electrolyte modified by ionic liquid

“…12,13 There are also literature reports on the effects of surfactants and ionic liquids. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The electrolyte is one of the active materials of the lead-acid battery and comes into contact with all elements of the system. Modifying its composition can signicantly affect the utilization of the active materials in both the negative and positive electrodes, as well as reduce the internal resistance of the entire device.…”

“…Similar effects were also observed for diallyldimethylammonium, hexyldimethylammonium, and hexyltrimethylammonium sulphates, with the greatest effect observed for the polymeric ionic liquid. 23 Kopczyński et al estimated the dependence of electrolyte stability and corrosion rate of battery current collectors on the length of the alkyl chain in alkyl trimethylammonium bisulphates and sulphates. 24 However, it was noted that the practical application of the investigated ionic liquids in the presented concentrations is not possible due to the intense foaming effect.…”

Long‐Chain Ionic Liquids Based on Monoquaternary DABCO Cations and TFSI Anions: Towards Stable Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors

“…The main function of an electrolyte is facilitating ionic transport between the electrodes; hence, in most cases, the electrolyte should remain inert to active materials and separators with the major exception of lead-acid batteries. [21,22] In principle, electrolytes should be characterized by high ionic conductivity and low viscosity because these properties guarantee efficient migration of ions and proper wetting of porous active materials. [23] As most electrolytes are liquids, their behaviour strongly depends on operating conditions such as temperature and electrode potentials.…”

“…Electrolytes are one of the requisite components in every electrochemical cell. The main function of an electrolyte is facilitating ionic transport between the electrodes; hence, in most cases, the electrolyte should remain inert to active materials and separators with the major exception of lead‐acid batteries [21,22] . In principle, electrolytes should be characterized by high ionic conductivity and low viscosity because these properties guarantee efficient migration of ions and proper wetting of porous active materials [23] .…”