Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding mis burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-01S8),

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) November 2007 REPORT TYPE ARL-TR-4309 SPONSOR/MONITOR"S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR"S REPORT NUMBER(S DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTMany systems are being developed as part of the Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS). To determine the most effective and efficient way to integrate these new systems within the future force, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Human Research and Engineering Directorate is using predictive modeling to analyze the workload of FCS operations. This analysis is part of the Robotics Collaboration Army Technology Objective in which Soldier workload models of individual systems are being developed with the intent to be integrated into one complex model. This model will enable the investigation of Soldier workload as well as how these Soldiers and systems can more effectively combine their efforts to accomplish a mission. The reported effort can be incorporated into the complex model. FCS-equipped brigade combat teams (BCTs) consist of a family of advanced, networked air-and ground-based maneuver, maneuver support, and sustainment systems that will include manned and unmanned platforms. The FCS BCTs will rely heavily on unmanned systems to enable the "quality of firsts" (see first, understand first, act first, and finish decisively) by performing such missions as reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, security, and communications relay. The robotics non-commissioned officer duties within FCS BCT include operating multiple unmanned systems. Given the complexity of future operating environments, the operation of multiple unmanned systems will often occur simultaneously. The number of unmanned systems that a Soldier can effectively operate simultaneously is one area of concern in the fielding of these systems. Further, the level of autonomy required to concurrently operate multiple systems effectively will need to be determined. One system of interest is the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency microair vehicle (MAV) bei...

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) November 2007 REPORT TYPE ARL-TR-4309 SPONSOR/MONITOR"S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR"S REPORT NUMBER(S DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTMany systems are being developed as part of the Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS). To determine the most effective and efficient way to integrate these new systems within the future force, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Human Research and Engineering Directorate is using predictive modeling to analyze the workload of FCS operations. This analysis is part of the Robotics Collaboration Army Technology Objective in which Soldier workload models of individual systems are being developed with the intent to be integrated into one complex model. This model will enable the investigation of Soldier workload as well as how these Soldiers and systems can more effectively combine their efforts to accomplish a mission. The reported effort can be incorporated into the complex model. FCS-equipped brigade combat teams (BCTs) consist of a family of advanced, networked air-and ground-based maneuver, maneuver support, and sustainment systems that will include manned and unmanned platforms. The FCS BCTs will rely heavily on unmanned systems to enable the "quality of firsts" (see first, understand first, act first, and finish decisively) by performing such missions as reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, security, and communications relay. The robotics non-commissioned officer duties within FCS BCT include operating multiple unmanned systems. Given the complexity of future operating environments, the operation of multiple unmanned systems will often occur simultaneously. The number of unmanned systems that a Soldier can effectively operate simultaneously is one area of concern in the fielding of these systems. Further, the level of autonomy required to concurrently operate multiple systems effectively will need to be determined. One system of interest is the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency microair vehicle (MAV) bei...

No abstract

Human performance modeling tools are used to predict mission performance as a function of human performance. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed a human performance modeling tool, the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), for investigation of the impact on a Soldier's performance when the Soldier subjected to environmental stressors such as heat and cold. IMPRINT has the capability to create user-defined stressors to study the stressors' effect on human performance and therefore system performance. This case study used data from literature to create a user-defined stressor in IMPRINT to predict the effect of riding in a moving vehicle on task time and performance. This capability can provide useful information to system designers.

No abstract

The addition of ionic liquids to the sulfuric acid electrolyte solution in a lead–acid battery inhibits corrosion of current collectors and sulfation of the negative electrode. This increases the service life of the entire device.

Optimizing human performance is the expression of a desired phenotype to meet the challenges of a particular task. Desired phenotypes are expressed in response to canalizing experiences such as in acclimatization to environments. Here one’s biobehavioral system adapts to the challenges of the environment to reduce physiologic strain on the system. These adaptations are within the biobehavioral system’s repertoire of expressible phenotypes and are reversible. Desired phenotypes can be maintained, facilitated, or induced by canalizing experiences. In the desire to optimize performance, the canalizing experiences are often designed to induce or prolong phenotypic expression to meet the demands of a constructed task. In these cases, the canalizing experiences, whether pharmacological or other physiologically invasive, often lead to irreversible negative health consequences. This chapter discusses the effects of canalizing experiences in terms of the strains on the biobehavioral system. The chapter advances a concept of strong environment as a means to facilitate and maintain phenotypes, which are within the phenotypic expressible repertoire. The argument is made that leveraging the bio-behavioral system’s wild type rather than domesticating the system to express a supernormal phenotype yields greater agility and overall health in a population to overcome challenges.