N-Doped Graphene Oxide as Additive for Fumed Silica Based Gel Electrolyte of Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries

Abstract

In this work, nitrogen doped graphene oxide powder (N-GrOP) was used as an additive for fumed silica based gelled electrolyte of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries for the first time in the literature. Optimum amount of additive was determined as 0.4 wt% N-GrOP by using of electrochemical methods and corrosion tests. The structural features of fumed silica based gelled electrolyte with and without N-GrOP was investigated by SEM analysis. Then, the effects of agitation time and stirring rate on the formation and structure of the fumed silica based gelled electrolyte were optimized as 180 min and 1250 rpm, respectively, by using of electrochemical technics. Corrosion tendency of the electrodes were determined by Tafel curves. Cyclic charge/discharge tests were also carried out to determine the discharge capacity of the electrolytes. The discharge capacities of fumed silica based gelled electrolyte with and without N-GrOP and non-gelled electrolyte were determined as 33 mAh·cm−2, 16 mAh·cm−2 and 0.70 mAh·cm−2 at 20 mA·cm−2 charge/discharge current densities, respectively. The interaction of N-GrOP with hydrolyzed fumed silica particles occurred and the discharge capacities of the fumed silica-based gel electrolyte increased in VRLA batteries.

Increasing the oxygen-containing functional groups of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes to improve high-rate-partial-state-of-charge performance

“…2 , the MWCNTs samples have five types of carbon bonds: C C (284.6 eV), C–C (285.4 eV ± 0.1 eV), C–O (286.6 ± 0.1 eV), C O (287.8 eV), and O–C O (289.0 ± 0.1 eV). 42 The relative content of each oxygen-containing functional group (C–O, C O, O–C O) and intact carbon C–C/C C are used to obtain the relative content of each oxygen-containing functional group ( I C–O , I C O , I O–C O ). After acid treatment, the relative content of C–O of MWCNTs from 0.62% increased to 4.56%.…”

An ultrahigh‐energy density and wide potential window aqueous electrolyte supercapacitor built by polypyrrole/aniline 2‐sulfonic acid modified carbon felt electrode

“…The specific capacitance of the supercapacitor was calculated by galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles using Equation (2). Figure 8C, CFt/PPy/ASA(0.02)//GP gave the highest specific capacitance of 804 F g À1 under 2 A g À1 current density.…”

“…Supercapacitors are a kind of electrochemical energy storage device with a fast charging-discharging ability and good cycling stability. 2 They can provide a higher power density compared to conventional batteries. Depending on the storage mechanism, supercapacitors are classified into two types, called pseudocapacitors and electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).…”

“…They are promising sources for a wide range of applications such as hybrid electric vehicles, consumer electronics, smart electronic devices, and large industrial and medical equipment. Supercapacitors are a kind of electrochemical energy storage device with a fast charging‐discharging ability and good cycling stability 2 . They can provide a higher power density compared to conventional batteries.…”

One‐stepsynthesis of nitrogen‐doped graphene powders and application of them ashigh‐performancesymmetrical coin cell supercapacitors in different aqueous electrolyte

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] Lead-acid batteries, redox flow batteries and Li-ion batteries are the most common battery systems used in energy storage. [13][14][15][16][17][18] However, these systems have some disadvantages. Since high acid concentrations are used in these systems, it is harmful to environmental health.…”