Electrochemical performance of pre-lithiated graphite as negative electrode in lithium-ion capacitors

Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, and Challenges in Nonaqueous Lithium‐Ion Capacitors

“…Normally, the following methods are used to carry out the prelithiation of a carbon anode: (i) electronic charge; (ii) external short circuit; and (iii) internal short (direct contact). For example, in the approaches that place lithium foil between the cathode and anode electrodes, a Li‐intercalated hard‐carbon anode, prelithiated graphite, and prelithiated mesocarbon microbeads have been researched. Among them, Cao and Zheng used a mixture of hard carbon and stabilized lithium‐metal powder (SLMP) as the anode electrode and AC as the cathode ( Figure ).…”

Pre-lithiation design and lithium ion intercalation plateaus utilization of mesocarbon microbeads anode for lithium-ion capacitors

“…The pre-lithiation can improve the working potential, energy density and cycle stability, reduce the irreversible capacity loss and the resistance of electrode. Therefore, some researches about the pre-lithiation of graphite anode have been reported [34,35].…”

Cycle performance of lithium-ion capacitors using graphite negative electrodes at different pre-lithiation levels

“…In Zhang's work, the energy density of LICs using MCMB pre-lithiated at 0-94.1%, which was based on the theoretical Li intercalation capacity of graphite was evaluated by cyclic charge-discharge tests of 1000 cycles. Yuan et al also evaluated the cycle and rate performance of LIC cells in which graphite NEs were pre-lithiated at different levels [2]. The cell containing a graphite NE pre-lithiated by short-circuiting for 8 h showed the best cycle performance.…”

“…Five to ten times higher energy density than in conventional electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) can be obtained from LICs with their existing benefits of high power density and long cycle life [1,2]. Therefore, LICs have wide potential applications, such as in renewable power generation systems, power backup systems, and energy recovery systems in industrial machinery.…”