Electrochemical nucleation and growth of lead dioxide on glassy carbon electrodes

Kinetics of Electrocrystallization of PbO2 on Glassy Carbon Electrodes. Influence of the Electrode Rotation

“…As the step potential increases, the chronoamperometric responses obtained with the glassy carbon disk in static conditions present S-shaped curves similar to those predicted for some classical models of nucleation and growth, leaving a perfectly defined plateau at high potentials. This shape differs from those presented in previous works [1,23], obtained with other different vitreous carbons [40]. Similar curves registered in the rotating disk electrode conditions display much lower currents and a small drop in a steady-state current with time.…”

“…In the literature, the analysis of the j-t responses for the electrodeposition of lead dioxide has been concentrated on the initial instants of the nucleation process and growth [12,16,30,40], by means of the different mathematical equations, displayed in Table 1. The conclusions presented indicate that the process takes place via a progressive nucleation and three-dimensional growth of the nuclei.…”

Kinetics of Electrocrystallization of PbO[sub 2] on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Partial Inhibition of the Progressive Three-Dimensional Nucleation and Growth

“…For the lead dioxide electrocrystallization peak-shaped [24,[33][34][35] and S-shaped [36 -41] transients have been observed. Potential step and voltammetric experiments with ring-disk electrodes were carried out.…”

Anodic deposition of lead dioxide at Nafion® covered gold electrode

“…Depending on the applied potential, nature of solid support and electrolyte used, current-time transients for PbO 2 formation can assume a sigmoidal shape [34][35][36] or a current peak can be formed. Current peaks were usually observed during 2D or 3D nucleation with diffusionally controlled growth process [37][38][39]. Sometimes, a growth inhibition was identified and described [40].…”