Electrochemical Monitoring of Saos‐2 Cell Differentiation on Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes

Abstract

In this study we establish an electrochemical platform based on two dimensional (2D) pyrolytic carbon electrodes for in vitro analysis of osteoblast differentiation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor cell adhesion and proliferation, while an electrochemical assay based on square wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied to measure the activity of the differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP). 2D pyrolytic carbon electrodes were fabricated and used to monitor Saos‐2 cell differentiation for a period of up to 21 days. With this method it was possible to detect a faster increase of ALP activity for cells cultured in medium supplemented with differentiation factors compared to cells cultured in growth medium. This was confirmed by the results obtained with Alizarin Red staining, showing that cells subjected to osteogenic medium went through the entire differentiation process, from proliferation to mineralization. Finally, for the first time, real‐time monitoring of ALP activity combined with continuous EIS monitoring of the same cell culture was achieved using the pyrolytic carbon electrodes.

Development of a Smart Wireless Multisensor Platform for an Optogenetic Brain Implant

“…If cells grow on the electrode, the impedance increases due to the insulating effect of the cell layer inhibiting the flux of charge between the electrodes [ 58 ]. The phase angle shows a tendency to more negative values during cell growth.…”

Formation of calcium phosphate coating on carbon fibre with pyrolytic carbon interlayer

“…The peaks at 1360 cm −1 (D peak) and 1601 cm −1 (G peak) came from CF. D peak represented the disordered carbon structure and G peak represented the graphite structure [12]. For FTIR spectra, typical peaks of PO 4 3- at 561 and 600 cm −1 (bending-mode vibration), 1020 cm −1 (stretching-mode vibration) were detected.…”

“…The PyC not only has compatibility with CF because of same chemical composition, but has excellent biocompatibility and biostability [11]. At present, PyC has been used in more than 25 different prosthetic heart valve and has been used in human clinical stages [12]. The surface morphology, chemical composition and the in-vitro bioactivity of the CaP coating on PyC interlayer modified CF are investigated.…”