Electrochemical investigations for COVID-19 detection-A comparison with other viral detection methods

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Analysis of Recent Bio-/Nanotechnologies for Coronavirus Diagnosis and Therapy

“…In contrast to traditional immunoassays, innovative transducers allow a highly sensitive quantification of the targeted antigen/antibody in different ways [ 15 ]. It should be noted that sensitivity plays a crucial role in viruses detection; lowering the detection limit allows the early diagnosis of the infection before the first symptoms [ 16 ]. In addition to their sensitivity and robustness, electrochemical devices can be miniaturized, providing an immediate response without referring to specialized labs and qualified staff [ 17 ].…”

Emerging materials for the electrochemical detection of COVID-19

“…They recognised that Au, lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles, graphene and iron oxide nanoparticles-based biosensors that detect RNA or DNA and protein (antigen or antibody), are considered the main nanomaterials under investigation. In a more extensive review by Bukkitgar et al [23] , about electrochemical biosensors for viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) detection, suggested graphene nanomaterials as the most promising ones for such technologies. They specifically focused on their preparation method and their surface functionalization strategies that could help to eliminate the contamination, caused by other bioreceptors bound on them.…”

Allium sativum derived carbon dots as a potential theranostic agent to combat the COVID-19 crisis

“…The gap between the demand to supply is widening and is hampered by slower production rate in contrast to the world population. So, there is a dire need to explore more therapeutic options which can aid in the management of COVID-19 [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. A large number of established drugs, including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, faviparavir, ivermectin, and others, have been tried as the immediate option for short-term prophylaxis [ 11 ].…”

“…The development of a promising theranostic agent, which is safe and natural medicine with diagnostic capability, might be advantageous [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Over the last decade, different biosensing platforms accompanied by functional materials have been developed for various infectious and non-infectious diseases [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Among different functional materials, carbon dots (CDs) have gained enormous scientific attention in view of their unique physiochemical properties.…”