Electrochemical intercalation in the graphite–H2SO4–R(RCH3COOH, H3PO4) system

Сорокина, Н. Е.; Leshin, V. S.; Авдеев, В. В.

doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.08.044

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since intercalation was performed from a mixture of acids, acetic acid can be regarded as a solvent capable of being cointercalated into graphite. Indeed, as shown in [7,9], the anodic charging curves of graphite and the phase composition of the intercalation products in this system are governed by the H 2 SO 4 concentration, as in the case of aqueous solutions. At H 2 SO 4 concentrations of 60% and above, stage I TGICs are formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Only limited data have been reported on the synthesis of ternary GICs (TGICs) in mixed electrolytes consisting of H 2 SO 4 and a light carboxylic acid (HCOOH, CH 3 COOH) [7][8][9]. The synthesis of cointercalation compounds via consecutive treatment of graphite with H 2 SO 4 and HCOOH is possible owing to the high dielectric permittivity and strength of formic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Graphite intercalation in the graphite-H2SO4-R (R = H2O, C2H5OH, C2H5COOH) systems

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electrochemical behavior of graphite in polar solvent-H 2 SO 4 electrolytes is studied in a wide range of H 2 SO 4 concentrations. The results demonstrate that, with decreasing H 2 SO 4 concentration, the charging curves become smoother and shift to higher potentials, the stage index increases, and intercalation compounds are more difficult to obtain. At H 2 SO 4 concentrations of 50% and lower, graphite polarization is accompanied by a significant overoxidation, as evidenced by the anomalously small intercalate layer thicknesses: 7.75-7.85 Å. Anodic polarization of graphite in electrolytes consisting of H 2 SO 4 and a polar solvent (H 2 O and C 2 H 5 OH) follows the same mechanism as in the case of the formation of graphite bisulfate. In going from water to C 2 H 5 OH, a less polar solvent, the intercalation threshold increases from 30 to 70% H 2 SO 4 . It is shown using a set of characterization techniques that, in the graphite-H 2 SO 4 -R (R = H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH) systems, the solvent is not intercalated into graphite. Stage I-III ternary graphite intercalation compounds (TGICs) are synthesized for the first time in the graphite-H 2 SO 4 -C 2 H 5 COOH system: stage I TGICs at H 2 SO 4 concentrations above 70%, stage II in the range 30-70% H 2 SO 4 , and stage III at H 2 SO 4 concentrations down to 10%. The intercalate layer thickness in the TGICs is 7.94 Å. The mechanism of TGIC formation in this system is shown to differ from those in mixtures of H 2 SO 4 and other organic acids. Thermal analysis in combination with spectroscopic analysis of gaseous products provides clear evidence for intercalation of propionic acid into the TGIC and indicates that the thermal stability of this compound is lower than that of graphite bisulfate.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite intercalation in the graphite-H2SO4-R (R = H2O, C2H5OH, C2H5COOH) systems

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most common donor intercalants are alkali metal compounds such as K, Rb, Cs, and Li (Chung, 1987(Chung, , 2002. The research on GICs has grown exponentially during the last decade because of graphites' diversified range of physical and chemical properties (Leshin et al, 2003;Sorokina et al, 2002;Sorokina et al, 2004). The properties of the host graphite most strongly affected include electrical, thermal, magnetic, and hydrophobicity characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Graphite Materials for the Synthesis of GICs

Asghar

Hussain

Sattar

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential of various graphite materials including Chinese flake graphite, Madagascan flake graphite, natural vein graphite, recycled vein graphite, and synthetic graphite for the preparation of -bisulfate was investigated through electrochemical intercalation method. All the graphite materials were characterized using laser particle size analyzer, SEM analysis, XRD analysis, and X-ray EDS elemental analysis. Chinese flake and Madagascan flake graphite materials were found to be capable of synthesizing GIC-bisulfate through electrochemical intercalation. Natural vein, recycled vein, and synthetic graphite materials did not show any evidence of forming GIC-bisulfate. The formation of GIC-bisulfate was verified through XRD results. Thermal exfoliation volume was observed as an indicator of GIC-bisulfate when the electrochemically treated material was exposed to a sudden thermal shock at a temperature of 850 C.

show abstract

The first graphite intercalation compounds containing tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate

Özmen-Monkul

Lerner

2010

Carbon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrochemical intercalation in the graphite–H2SO4–R(RCH3COOH, H3PO4) system

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Graphite intercalation in the graphite-H2SO4-R (R = H2O, C2H5OH, C2H5COOH) systems

Graphite intercalation in the graphite-H2SO4-R (R = H2O, C2H5OH, C2H5COOH) systems

Potential Graphite Materials for the Synthesis of GICs

The first graphite intercalation compounds containing tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About