The first graphite intercalation compounds containing tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate

Özmen-Monkul, Bahar; Lerner, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.05.005

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…During the charging/anion-intercalation process, the graphite (002) peak completely vanished and two new peaks arose. The intensity pattern is commonly found for a stage n graphite intercalation compound (GIC), where the most dominant peak is the (00n 1 1) and the second most dominant peak is the (00n 1 2) 18,28,29 . Based on our experimental data, by increasing the charging state from 48-60% charged (30 mA h g -1 ) to the fully charged state (62 mA h g -1 ), the distance between the (00n 1 1) and (00n 1 2) peaks gradually increased, as more Al x Cl y -anions intercalated.…”

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3a). By determining the ratio of the d (n12) /d (n11) peak position and correlating these to the ratios of stage pure GICs (that is, ideal cases), the most dominant stage phase of the observed GIC can be assigned 28,29 . After assigning the (00l) indices, we calculated the intercalant gallery height (d i ) through equation (3).…”

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where l is the index of (00l) planes oriented in the stacking direction and d obs is the observed value of the spacing between two adjacent planes 18,28,29 . The d spacing of graphite is 3.35 Å .…”

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The periodic repeat distance (I C ), the intercalant gallery height (d i ) and the gallery expansion (Dd) 28,29 can be calculated using I C~di z3:35A…”

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery

Lin

Gong

et al. 2015

Nature

2,080

1,988

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The development of new rechargeable battery systems could fuel various energy applications, from personal electronics to grid storage. Rechargeable aluminium-based batteries offer the possibilities of low cost and low flammability, together with three-electron-redox properties leading to high capacity. However, research efforts over the past 30 years have encountered numerous problems, such as cathode material disintegration, low cell discharge voltage (about 0.55 volts; ref. 5), capacitive behaviour without discharge voltage plateaus (1.1-0.2 volts or 1.8-0.8 volts) and insufficient cycle life (less than 100 cycles) with rapid capacity decay (by 26-85 per cent over 100 cycles). Here we present a rechargeable aluminium battery with high-rate capability that uses an aluminium metal anode and a three-dimensional graphitic-foam cathode. The battery operates through the electrochemical deposition and dissolution of aluminium at the anode, and intercalation/de-intercalation of chloroaluminate anions in the graphite, using a non-flammable ionic liquid electrolyte. The cell exhibits well-defined discharge voltage plateaus near 2 volts, a specific capacity of about 70 mA h g(-1) and a Coulombic efficiency of approximately 98 per cent. The cathode was found to enable fast anion diffusion and intercalation, affording charging times of around one minute with a current density of ~4,000 mA g(-1) (equivalent to ~3,000 W kg(-1)), and to withstand more than 7,500 cycles without capacity decay.

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Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The periodic repeat distance (I C ), the intercalant gallery height (d i ) and the gallery expansion (Dd) 28,29 can be calculated using I C~di z3:35A…”

Section: Letter Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery

Lin

Gong

et al. 2015

Nature

2,080

1,988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to these properties FAP ILs are entitled as ultrahydrophobic ionic liquids [12,[17][18][19]. The advantageous properties of FAP ionic liquids [20] make them attractive for various applications, namely for liquid-liquid extractions and separations [17,18,[21][22][23], chemical technology [24][25][26][27][28][29], analytics [23,[30][31][32][33][34], electrochemistry [2, 4, 35-37, 40, 41], lubrication [38,39], sensors [31][32], catalysis [42,43], polymer electrolytes [40], the preparation of carbon-based composite materials [44], polymer chemistry [45], membrane technology [46], and the generation of ion beams for electrical propulsion [47]. FAP ionic liquids are robust liquid media that can serve as solvents for chemical reactions with aggressive substances, for instance with elemental fluorine [48].…”

Section: Tris(perfluoroalkyl)phosphate (Fap) Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hydrophobic ionic liquids with perfluoroalkyl phosphate and cyanofluoroborate anions

Ignat’ev

Finze

Sprenger

et al. 2015

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

116

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Simultaneous X‐Ray Diffraction and Tomography Operando Investigation of Aluminum/Graphite Batteries

Elia

Greco

Kamm

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Rechargeable graphite dual-ion batteries are extremely appealing for grid-level stationary storage of electricity, thanks to the low-cost and high-performance metrics, such as high-power density, energy efficiency, long cycling life, and good energy density. An in-depth understanding of the anion intercalation mechanism in graphite is fundamental for the design of highly efficient systems. In this work, a comparison is presented between pyrolytic (PG) and natural (NG) graphite as positive electrode materials in rechargeable aluminum batteries, employing an ionic liquid electrolyte. The two systems are characterized by operando synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and time-resolved computed tomography simultaneously, establishing a powerful characterization methodology, which can also be applied more in general to carbon-based energy-related materials. A more in-depth insight into the AlCl 4 − /graphite intercalation mechanism is obtained, evidencing a mixed-staged region in the initial phase and a two-staged region in the second phase. Moreover, strain analysis suggests a correlation between the irreversibility of the PG electrode and the increase of the inhomogenous strain. Finally, the imaging analysis reveals the influence of graphite morphology in the electrode volume expansion upon cycling.

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The first graphite intercalation compounds containing tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery

An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery

New hydrophobic ionic liquids with perfluoroalkyl phosphate and cyanofluoroborate anions

Simultaneous X‐Ray Diffraction and Tomography Operando Investigation of Aluminum/Graphite Batteries

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