Electrochemical deposition of Co nanowire arrays; quantitative consideration of concentration profiles

Valizadeh, Sima; George, J. M.; Leisner, Peter; Hultman, Lars

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00797-6

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this region, transport phenomena supply the electrode with ions coming from the solution and a diffusion controlled limiting current density would be obtained. 27,28 In general, the boundary layer reduces the effectiveness of the entire process due to the area of oriented H 2 O molecules formed in front of the cathode. Therefore, the crucial steps become the diffusion process of ions and electrochemical reduction of H 2 O 2 , which will result in the decrease of the growth rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films on different substrates using electrolyte contacts

et al. 2011

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Single-crystal ZnO nanowires long up to several microns were fabricated by one-step electrochemical deposition. A template-based process employing track-etched polycarbonate (TE-PC) membranes was used for this purpose. The morphology and the structure characteristics of the ZnO nanowires were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The growth process conditions turned out to have a marked influence on the crystal nature and morphology of the nanowires. Deposition rates ranging from 0.4 nm s −1 and up to 0.6 nm s −1 were recorded for the growth of ZnO nanowires. The obtained results showed that by using carefully controlled deposition conditions single crystalline nanowires and fine-grained structures can be routinely obtained. ZnO has extrusive physical properties such as a direct bandgap in the ultraviolet range (3.37 eV) or a large exciton binding energy (60 meV) which have made it a great application prospect.1, 2 ZnO nano-objects have been widely investigated in the recent years owing to promising applications in nanodevices. They showed high sensitivity to different chemicals, have piezo-and pyro-electric properties, etc. 3,4 As it has been shown that band edge, exciton energies, and UV luminescence of ZnO nanostructures are affected by crystallite size and crystal morphology, 5,6 it is desirable to tailor their electronic properties in order to exploit the broad range of applications.Nowadays, many efforts still focus on synthesizing oriented onedimensional ZnO nanostructures. Up to now, techniques using sophisticated and expensive equipments but also low temperature and cost-effective methods such as electrodeposition (ED) and hydrothermal deposition were employed for the synthesis of nanostructures. 7-9The major advantage of the electrochemical synthesis is given by its application for large area and high throughput productions, therefore suitable for an industrial use. [10][11][12][13] The ED of ZnO nanowires has been focused mostly on the preparation of nanorod/nanowire arrays by the template method and on flat substrates. 14, 15The ZnO electrodeposition is based on the reduction of an oxygen precursor such as dissolved molecular oxygen, nitrate ions or hydrogen peroxide. For example, Cembrero et al. 16 reported on the cathodic electrodeposition of ZnO nanocolumns and nanowires from zinc chloride solutions saturated in molecular oxygen. The general scheme for ED of ZnO employing different oxygen precursors is supposed as follows.The reaction at the cathode surface employing different oxygen precursors: The process evolves itself drifting the pH of the electrolyte to a constant increase and to a local supersaturation of the bath in the vicinity of the electrode, thus provoking the precipitation on the electrode surface of ZnO;18 therefore, if a specific crystal order is desired, the pH of the electrolytic solution has to be precisely controlled and adjusted to a proper value.As...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films on different substrates using electrolyte contacts

et al. 2011

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“…The counter electrode was a Pt wire of 2.5 mm diameter. The electrochemical experiments were performed using an EG&G Princeton Applied Research Model 263 potentiostat/galvanostat with a standard-type three-electrode set-up connected to a home-made Teflon electrolytic cell [4,23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present application, the electrodeposition process was stopped at stage (4), when an increase in deposition current was observed. [4,23,24] …”

Section: Identification Of a Complete Pore-filling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template Synthesis of Au/Co Multilayered Nanowires by Electrochemical Deposition

Valizadeh¹,

Hultman²,

George³

et al. 2002

Adv Funct Materials

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The electrochemical deposition of Au/Co multilayers into 20 μm‐thick ion track etched polycarbonate membranes with pore diameters of 110–150 nm was studied in a single electrolyte containing cobalt sulfate, gold cyanide, and citric acid. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and pulse‐potential experiments were used to determine the deposition conditions for pure Au and 98 wt.‐% Co layers. The Co‐rich metallic nanowires were deposited at –1100 mV and the Au nanowires at –490 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Under open‐circuit conditions an Au‐displacement reaction occurred. Open‐circuit conditions were applied in combination with a steep ramp between the Co and Au potential pulses to avoid the otherwise severe Co dissolution when the potential was switched to less negative values. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the deposited multilayered nanowires revealed dense and well‐defined layer interfaces. X‐ray diffraction investigations of 20 μm long Au and Co nanowires showed that the Au deposits exhibit a face‐centered cubic (fcc) <111> texture, while the Co deposits exhibit a hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) (002) structure. The magnetic measurements of 12 nm Co/4 nm Au nanowires for fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the film plane indicate a low remnant magnetization.

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“…Several studies [21,22] have shown that during the pore-filling stage (nanowire growth), the total constant current density is independent of flux variation inside the pore and concentration of electrolyte at the mouth of pore during electrodeposition. Recently, another study [23] showed that the electrolyte concentration at the mouth of the pore remains constant and current decays Semiconductors -Growth and Characterizationwith time; a fact that contradicts the previous study where current remains constant.…”

Section: Growth Process: Convection Migration and Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanisms that Affect the Quality of Electrochemically Grown Semiconducting Nanowires

Singh¹

2018

Semiconductors - Growth and Characterization

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Template-assisted synthesis of nanowires is a simple electrochemical technique commonly used in the fabrication of semiconducting nanowires. It is an easy and cost-effective approach compared to conventional lithography, which requires expensive equipment. The focus of this chapter is on the various mechanisms involving mass transport of ions during successive stages of the template-assisted electrochemical growth of indium antimonide (InSb) nanowires. The nanowires were grown in two different templates such as commercially available anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates and polycarbonate membranes. The chapter also presents the results of characterizing the InSb nanowires connected in a field effect transistor (FET) configuration. The Sb-rich InSb nanowires that were fabricated by DC electrodeposition in nanoporous AAO exhibited hole-dominated transport (p-type conduction). Temperature-dependent transport measurement shows the semiconducting nature of these nanowires.

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Electrochemical deposition of Co nanowire arrays; quantitative consideration of concentration profiles

Cited by 87 publications

References 16 publications

Characterisation of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films on different substrates using electrolyte contacts

Characterisation of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films on different substrates using electrolyte contacts

Template Synthesis of Au/Co Multilayered Nanowires by Electrochemical Deposition

Understanding the Mechanisms that Affect the Quality of Electrochemically Grown Semiconducting Nanowires

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