Electrochemical Cell-based Biosensors for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Electrochemical cell-based biosensors have been showing increasing interest within the last 15 years, with a large number of reports generally dealing with the sensors’ sensitivity, selectivity, stability, signal-to-noise ratio, spatiotemporal resolution, etc. However, only a few of them are now available as commercial products on the market. In this review, technological advances, current challenges and opportunities of electrochemical cell-based biosensors are presented. The article encompasses emerging studies, mainly focusing on the last five years (from 2016 to mid 2021), towards cell-based biological field-effect devices, cell-based impedimetric sensors and cell-based microelectrode arrays. In addition, special attention lies on recent progress in recording at the single-cellular level, including intracellular monitoring with high spatiotemporal resolution as well as integration into microfluidics for lab-on-a-chip applications. Moreover, a comprehensive discussion on challenges and future perspectives will address the future potential of electrochemical cell-based biosensors.

Bioanalytical sensors using the heat-transfer method HTM and related techniques

“…Assessing the response to such substances at cell-culture level provides a first indication of the efficacy and tolerability of the toxin or drug when it is applied to humans at a later stage. This is the idea behind cell-based biosensors that often probe the growth of cell cultures by impedance spectroscopy and their metabolic activity by measuring the oxygen uptake and acidification rate [79][80][81]. A comparison between several commercial cell-based biosensor systems is provided in ref.…”

PC-12 Cell Line as a Neuronal Cell Model for Biosensing Applications

“…A particular type of biosensor is cell-based biosensor, a device capable to connect viable cells (as sensing receptors) with transductors, having the purpose of intercepting intracellular and extracellular physical, chemical, and physiological signals, and releasing significant information about the interaction of cells with environmental stimulus [ 14 ]. The two principal elements of these biosensors consist of living cells (receiving and releasing signals in relation to the inner or external stimuli) cultured on the surface of the transducer (able to convert physical, physiological or chemical signals to electrical signals).…”

ARMOR: Auto‐Assembled Resilient Biomimetic Calcified Ornaments for Selective Cell Protection by Dual‐Aptamer‐Driven Hybridization Chain Reaction

“…However, the outermost layer of mammalian cells is a membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins, and is susceptible to environmental changes [3] . With the development in cell therapies, [4] cell‐based sensors, [5] cell isolation [6] and single‐cell genetic technologies, [7] living cells have become important therapeutic and diagnosis tools in clinical medicine [8] . The adverse environmental stressors encountered during these applications, such as shear stress, generated during injection, centrifugation, cell culture, and microfluidic analysis, increase the chances of plasma membrane damage and cytoplasm leakage [9] …”