Electrochemical behavior of Propranolol and its major metabolites, 4'-hydroxypropranolol and 4'-hydroxypropranolol Sulfate, on glassy carbon electrode

Abstract

Foi estudado o comportamento eletroquímico do propranolol (PRO) e seus principais metabólitos. Medidas voltamétricas foram realizadas em eletrodo de carbono vítreo (GCE). Todos os compostos examinados sofrem oxidação via eletroquímica. Em todos os casos foi observada uma separação dos picos de oxidação, sugerindo a possibilidade de eletroanálise simultânea de propranolol e seus metabólitos. A linearidade das curvas de calibração foi obtida para concentrações entre 4,22×10 -6 -1,35×10 -4 mol L -1 para PRO, 4,00×10 -6 -4,81×10 -5 mol L -1 para 4'-hidroxipropranolol (4'OH PH) e 3,52×10 -6 -4,22×10 -5 mol L -1 para o sulfato de 4'-hidroxipropranolol (4'OH PS). O método descrito é rápido e simples, e pode ser aplicado para determinar os compostos mencionados acima em amostras biológicas. Os resultados obtidos foram verificados por cromatografia líquida de ultra-alta eficiência (ultra HPLC).The electrochemical behavior of propranolol (PRO) and its major metabolites was studied. Voltammetric measurements were made on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). All examined compounds were electrochemically oxidized. In all cases, a separation of oxidation peaks was observed, suggesting the possibility of simultaneous electroanalysis of propranolol and its metabolites. The linearity of the calibration curves was obtained for concentrations between 4.22×10 -6 -1.35×10 -4 mol L -1 for PRO, 4.00×10 -6 -4.81×10 -5 mol L -1 for 4'-hydroxypropranolol (4'OH PH) and 3.52×10 -6 -4.22×10 -5 mol L -1 for 4'-hydroxypropranolol sulfate (4'OH PS). The described method is rapid and simple, and could be applied to determine the above mentioned compounds in biological samples. The obtained results were verified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (Ultra HPLC) method.

Titanium Dioxide/Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Modified Pencil Graphite Sensor for Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Propranolol in Real Samples

“…With increasing pH, the peak potentials (Ep) were moved to the more negative potential direction (Figure 4b) based on a relation between Ep and pH expressed as Ep (V)=−0.0532 pH+1.0473 (R 2 =0.998). Regarding the slope of this equation, it can be inferred that the electrochemical oxidation of PRO includes the reaction in which the number of transferred electrons and protons are equal [46]. To optimize the concentration of electrolyte solution, different concentrations of H 2 SO 4 solution were used and their effect on the peak current of PRO was investigated.…”

Mesoporous silica thin films for molecular sieving and electrode surface protection against biofouling

“…Indeed, the diameter of pores obtained by electrochemically assisted self-assembly is around 2-3 nm [14], which is large enough to allow diffusion of small redox-active species and at the same time small enough to prevent diffusion of proteins. As a small organic redox-active molecule, we have selected propranolol, a -blocker often used in the treatment of hypertension and which can be detected electrochemically [15][16][17]. As a surface-fouling agent, we have used haemoglobin, whose dimensions are larger than the pore diameter [18].…”

Carbon Graphite Obtained of Zinc-Carbon Exhausted Batteries Applied as Electrode in Electrochemical Sensors

“…In this case, a slope of 0.5 was obtained, confirming that the oxidation process controlled by diffusion of the species. 49,50 The performance of CG/Au electrode was evaluated in the simultaneous detection of DA and UA (Fig. 12).…”