Electrochemical and morphological studies of ionic polymer metal composites as stress sensors

Hong, Wangyujue; Almomani, Abdallah; Montazami, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.09.036

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Electrochemical studies were conducted at 10 mV and at a varying frequency to allow characterization over a broader frequency range. The electrochemical behavior of the system can be analyzed by fitting the electrical impedance with an equivalent electric circuit; as authors have previously shown for similar actuators with metallic colloid coatings [ 22 , 23 , 48 ]. The EDL capacitors in series with the resistance of bulk Nafion layer R b can be used to model the electrochemical behavior of such systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Tunable Non-Linear Angular Deformation

et al. 2017

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The most rational approach to fabricate soft robotics is the implementation of soft actuators. Conventional soft electromechanical actuators exhibit linear or circular deformation, based on their design. This study presents the use of conjugated polymers, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to locally vary ion permeability of the ionic electroactive polymer actuators and manipulate ion motion through means of structural design to realize intrinsic angular deformation. Such angular deformations are closer to biomimetic systems and have potential applications in bio-robotics. Electrochemical studies reveal that the mechanism of actuation is mainly associated with the charging of electric double layer (EDL) capacitors by ion accumulation and the PEDOT:PSS layer’s expansion by ion interchange and penetration. Dependence of actuator deformation on structural design is studied experimentally and conclusions are verified by analytical and finite element method modeling. The results suggest that the ion-material interactions are considerably dominated by the design of the drop-cast PEDOT:PSS on Nafion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Tunable Non-Linear Angular Deformation

et al. 2017

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“…Many studies have been conducted to improve the performance of ionic polymers and employ them in various areas. Hong et al evaluated the effect of metal components morphology on the electrochemical features of IPMCs and realized that the optimized morphology can enhance the IPMC sensitivity by 3–4 folds [19]. In another work, a nanoindentation test was carried out to examine the effect of temperature (due to its limiting factor in certain applications) on the elastic modulus and hardness of a proton exchange mat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Property Relationships in Hybrid Cellulose Nanofibrils/Nafion-Based Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites

et al. 2019

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Herein, we report the production of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) hybridized with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as a partial substitute for Nafion®. The aim is not only to reduce the production cost and enhance respective mechanical/thermal properties but also to bestow a considerable degree of biodegradability to such products. Formulations with different CNF/Nafion® ratios were produced in a thin-film casting process. Crack-free films were air-dried and plated by platinum (Pt) through an oxidation-reduction reaction. The produced hybrids were analyzed in terms of thermal stability, mechanical and morphological aspects to examine their performance compared to the Nafion-based IPMC prior to plating process. Results indicated that films with higher CNF loadings had improved tensile strengths and elastic moduli but reduced ductility. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the incorporation of CNF to the matrix reduced its thermal stability almost linearly, however, the onset of decomposition point remained above 120 °C, which was far above the temperature the composite membrane is expected to be exposed to. The addition of a cross-linking agent to the formulations helped with maintaining the integrity of the membranes during the plating process, thereby improving surface conductivity. The focus of the current study was on the physical and morphological properties of the films, and the presented data advocate the potential utilization of CNF as a nontoxic and sustainable bio-polymer for blending with perfluorosulfonic acid-based co-polymers, such as Nafion®, to be used in electroactive membranes.

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“…Volpini et al (2017) developed a model based on the continuum theory to predict the dynamic sensing response of IPMCs subjected to a time-varying compression. Electrochemical and morphological characteristics of IPMCs were investigated by Hong et al (2017), and they demonstrated the dependence of electrochemical properties on conductive network composite (CNC) nanostructure as well as the mechano-electrical performance of IPMC sensors as a function of CNC morphology. And, Gudarzi et al (2017aGudarzi et al ( , 2017b designed some dynamic IPMC pressure sensors based on streaming potential hypothesis, fabricated them utilizing direct assembly process (DAP), and calibrated fabricated samples in a standard shock pressure tube.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and transient responses of highly flexible and humidity-insensitive ionic polymer–metal composites in different sensory modes

Gudarzi

Smolinski

Wang

2019

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Ionic polymer–metal composites, although with attracting properties such as flexibility, easy processing, resilience, and high sensitivity, have some drawbacks including the fragility of electrodes and strong humidity dependence which limit their practical applications. This study aims to fabricate ionic polymer–metal composites with sputtered gold thin film electrodes and to coat them with a waterproof acrylic material to extend their consistent sensory response over time. For this aim, after explaining the sensing mechanism of ionic polymer–metal composites based on streaming potential hypothesis for compression, bending, and shear modes, the fabrication process of the proposed ionic polymer–metal composites is presented. A signal conditioner is designed based on the measurement results of the equivalent resistance and capacitance of the devices. A shock tube setup is then utilized to obtain the impulse response of fabricated ionic polymer–metal composite devices in different modes of deformation. To verify how this waterproof coating maintains the ionic polymer–metal composite’s sensing performance, some experiments are carried out over a period of 6 days after fabrication for both acrylic-coated and uncoated samples. Analyzing the results shows that fabricated ionic polymer–metal composites represent an appropriate linearity, sensitivity, and reliability over time and this coating approach not only suppresses the diluent permeation but also has a negligible effect on the ionic polymer–metal composite electromechanical properties.

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Electrochemical and morphological studies of ionic polymer metal composites as stress sensors

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Soft Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Tunable Non-Linear Angular Deformation

Soft Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Tunable Non-Linear Angular Deformation

Structure-Property Relationships in Hybrid Cellulose Nanofibrils/Nafion-Based Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites

Fabrication and transient responses of highly flexible and humidity-insensitive ionic polymer–metal composites in different sensory modes

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