Electrocardiographic parameters ofSapajus libidinosus(SPIX, 1823) after chemical immobilization with tiletamine‐zolazepam

Abstract

Black-striped capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) are diurnal omnivores found on the American continent and have the widest geographic distribution of the neotropical primates. 1 Constant deforestation means that these animals migrate to urban centers, becoming targets of predatory hunting and leading to a significant number of specimens in captivity.So that the veterinary physician can intervene efficaciously in the health of these animals, in addition to clinical knowledge, the choice of the chemical immobilization method of the animal, anesthesia and the anesthetic administration route is fundamental to the success of the procedures. 2The association of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) has been widely used in wild and exotic animals because it requires a small injection volume, is well absorbed intramuscularly, and has a wide safety margin and permits immobilization to anesthesia with minimum cardiopulmonary effect. 3,4 For most species, 2-5 mg/kg are sufficient to promote anesthesia for minimal procedures, but smaller species require a bigger dose. 2 However, the use of this association is still controversial in some species due to a lack of studies. AbstractBackground: Tiletamine-zolazepam is a widely used as an alternative chemical immobilization method in non-human primates, with a safe application pathway and necessary relaxation. In order to determine the electrocardiographic parameters of Sapajus libidinosus after intramuscular tiletamine-zolazepam administration at the dose of 5 mg/kg, nine animals were submitted to anesthesia. Methods:The interpretation of the electrocardiogram determined: heart rate in bpm and heart rhythm, P wave, P-R interval, R wave, QRS complex, T wave, Q-T interval, corrected QT interval and electrical axis. The mean HR was 206 ± 32 bpm. Results:The majority of the monkeys showed normal sinus rhythm, but one animal showed sinus tachycardia. The most commonly observed electrical axis was between +30° and +90°. Two animals presented bigger alterations in the tracing such as low amplitude QRS and T wave bigger than 1/4 of the R wave. Conclusions:The administration of tiletamine-zolazepam was safe and efficacious, with minimal cardiovascular effects. K E Y W O R D Sanesthesia, electrocardiogram, primate | 155 de LA SALLeS et AL.

Evaluation of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects after Intramuscular Administration of Three Different Doses of Telazol® in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

“…There were no variations in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure between the doses nor over time post Telazol ® administration ( Table S1 ). The lack of clinically significant cardiac changes correlates with previous Telazol ® evaluations in capuchins [ 11 ] and owl monkeys [ 13 ]. The respiratory rate decreased over time for all doses ( Table S1 ).…”

“…Their combination provides significant muscle relaxation [ 2 ]. The safe use of Telazol ® has already been documented in nonhuman primates including capuchin monkeys [ 11 , 12 ], owl monkeys [ 13 ], rhesus macaques [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], cynomolgus macaques [ 17 ], baboons [ 14 ], chimpanzees [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], and southern brown howler monkeys [ 21 ]. There are a few reports of Telazol ® administration to marmosets, showing a wide dose range [ 9 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Anatomy applied to image diagnosis of the hind limb in the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)

“…One adult male and female were destined for both tomography and Rx, whereas three other females only were examined by Rx. For the examinations, the animals were captured with a catching net, sedated with combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (Telazol® 10%, Zoetis) at a dose of 6 mg/kg, administered intramuscularly (La Salles et al, 2019, 2021) and sent to the IRV and UnP. Upon arrival, access to the caudal saphenous vein (v. saphena parva) was obtained (La Salles et al, 2017) for anesthetic induction, which was performed with propofol (Provive 1%, União Química) in a target‐controlled infusion, with a VP50 infusion pump (MedRena®), at a dose of 2–5 mg/kg, followed by anesthetic maintenance at an initial dose of 0.25–0.5 mg/kg/min, being reduced during the experiment.…”

Osteology applied to image diagnosis of the forelimb of the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)

“…One adult male and one female for tomography and radiography exams, and the other females were only for radiography exams. For the examinations, the animals were referred to the IRV and UnP, sedated with a combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (Telazol® 10%; Zoetis) at a dose of 6 mg/kg, administered intramuscularly (La Salles et al, 2019, 2021). Upon arrival, access to the caudal saphenous vein was obtained (La Salles et al, 2017) for the anesthetic induction, which was performed with propofol (Provive 1%; União Química) in a target‐controlled infusion (TCI), with a VP50 infusion pump (MedRena®), at a dose of 2–5 mg/kg, followed by anesthetic maintenance at an initial dose of 0.25–0.5 mg/kg/min, reduced during the experiment.…”