Electroanalytical techniques for drug analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACThi overview on pharmaceuticals treated by electroanalytical techniques is presented. The review covers the period between 1987 and 1990 and includes more than 100 references. It includes the use of mercury and solid modified electrodes. Kecent trends are discussed. The Coverage is not exhaustive.

Electrochemistry and Determination of an Antiviral Drug at Ionic Liquids Crystals-Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Among the early electrochemical techniques used for pharmaceutical determinations is polarography. 8 Polarography and voltammetry allow convenient concentration range for pharmaceutical compounds to oxidize or reduce, are applicable for speciation, are tolerant for simultaneous determination of multi-species, and they accommodate most solvents. The applicability of electrochemical methods in pharmaceutical analysis improved with the advancement in electronics and in particular with the development of new materials for the modification of solid electrodes.…”

Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE) for Drug Compounds Determination

“…The analysis of a drug compound can be accurately realized by numerous more or less sophisticated methods employing separation steps such as in liquid chromatography [1,2], and capillary electrophoresis [3,4], by direct spectroscopic or electrochemical methods [5][6][7] and by classical volumetric (titrimetry) methods depending on the complexity of the studied sample. When dealing with drug determination in biological fluids besides the above cited instrumental methods, immunoassays may be advantageously applied at first glance for drug screening, e.g., by competitive optical or electrochemical enzyme immunoassays [8,9], surface plasmon resonance-based inhibition immunoassays [10], chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay [11], indirect competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassays [12], or indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [13].…”

Electrochemical Studies of Anti‐HIV Drug Emtricitabine: Oxidative Determination and Improved Antimicrobial Activity

“…It also includes the determination and electrocatalytic testing of their redox properties along with electrode mechanism and it can give us insights of their metabolic fate in in‐vivo redox processes and/or its pharmacological activities . Among the electrochemical techniques, the voltammetric examination satisfies many of the requirements for such a tasks particularly owing to their inherent selectivity, rapid response, high sensitivity, lower cost, operation simplicity and relatively short analysis time for determination of drugs and related intermediates in pharmaceutical dosage and biological fluids ,…”

“…[19] Among the electrochemical techniques, the voltammetric examination satisfies many of the requirements for such a tasks particularly owing to their inherent selectivity, rapid response, high sensitivity, lower cost, operation simplicity and relatively short analysis time for determination of drugs and related intermediates in pharmaceutical dosage and biological fluids. [20,24] EMT ( Figure 1) is a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytidine and has been approved by FDA though its side effects are more serious such as lactic acidosis, diarrhea, hyperlactatemia, hypersensitivity reaction and Nausea. [25,26] Also lower CNS toxicity effect of this drug caused due to overdose on human being, by considering these issues related to pharmaceutical formulations and pure API need to develop accurate, cost effective method for the monitoring the drug.…”