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In this work, an electroanalytical method adopted for determination of Emtricitabine (EMT) using cyclic and linear sweep voltametry (CV and LSV) on gold (Au dia. 3 mm) disc electrode in 0.5 M KOH as a supporting electrolyte is developed. It is found that the oxidation process is irreversible over a wider pH range and exhibited linear diffusion‐controlled behaviour. EMT exhibits a signal at 0.51 V vs SCE corresponding to oxidation of EMT in 0.5 M KOH on the Au disc electrode. Furthermore, CV and LSV were used to determine electroanalytical parameters like the limit of detection of 0.7069 (LOD), limit of quantification 2.35 (LOQ), sensitivity 0.60 μA mM−1 cm−2, the effect of accumulation, change in pH, sweep rate and effect of concentration (0.001–100 mM) on the stability (less than 5 % potential and current) of the signal. Further stability studies were carried out by monitoring the response on adding some other common biologically active excipients. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of pristine EMT and its oxidative product shows significant enhancement after oxidative conversion. This work may thus open the door for the design of electrochemical methods for the electrochemical detection followed by determination of various electroanalytical parameters of drug molecules along with their electrochemical conversion to more active forms with comparatively enhanced biological activity. The presented results are reflecting the significant environmental and clinical importance of the presented approach.

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Herein, we depict that the consequential nickel/nickel oxidereduced graphene oxide (Ni/NiO-rGO) hybrid materials synthesized by sol-gel approach can give as competent electrocatalyst for oxidative determination of ethanol in alkaline condition. Ni/ NiO-rGO based electrochemical sensor shows rapid and highly sensitive linear sweep voltametric (LSV) response to ethanol at an ultra-low oxidation potential of 0.33 V vs. SCE. Moreover, the electrochemical sensor demonstrates highly stable (current and potential) also with low charge transfer resistance confirmed from chronoamperometic (i-t) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) data respectively towards ethanol oxidation at Ni/NiO-rGO hybrid interface confirms its acitivity over individuals i. e. Ni/NiO nanoparticles and rGO. Moreover, linear increase in current density upto 100 μM concentration of ethanol and for the scan rates in the range of 10-100 mV/s with positive shift in potential confirms ethanol oxidation is diffusion controlled process. The selective analysis of electrochemical response for ethanol in benadryl sample with same oxidation potential of ethanol beverages with enhanced ethanol oxidation potential for determination of ethanol concentration into benadryl sample analysis.

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