Electroacupuncture Alleviates the Inflammatory Response via Effects on M1 and M2 Macrophages after Spinal Cord Injury

Zhao, Jing; Wang, Likui; Li, Yuanhai

doi:10.1136/acupmed-2016-011107

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CP is a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture that appear in early childhood, 3 which causes activity limitation that is attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. 1 Moreover, MLEC significantly decreased IL-1b, a major secreted cytokine of M1 macrophage, 24 and significantly increased the expression of Mrc1 and Mgl2, makers of M2 macrophage, 25 and enhanced the arginase activity, indicator of M2 polarization, 26 in RAW264.7 cells. These results indicated that MLEC promotes the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Malectin gene polymorphisms promote cerebral palsy via M2‐like macrophage polarization

et al. 2018

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The relationship between gene polymorphisms and the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP) is uncovering recently. Here, we suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MLEC gene might take part in the pathogenesis of CP. We genotyped and analyzed 6 SNP positions of MLEC gene in 916 CP patients and 957 healthy people, which are from the Chinese Han population. The results indicated significant associations between the risk of CP and rs10431386 [allele: P-value = .006, odds ratio (OR) = 1.587, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.198-1.967] and rs7964786 [allele: P-value = .005, OR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.238-2.519] SNP positions of MLEC gene. Further investigations revealed that C alleles of rs10431386 and rs7964786 inhibit the expression of MLEC in blood of CP patients and macrophage cell line. in vitro experiments revealed that MLEC promotes M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. The results of in vitro studies suggest that C alleles of rs10431386 and rs7964786 on MLEC promotes CP by inhibiting M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. Generally, this work suggested the contribution of MLEC gene polymorphisms to the pathogenesis of CP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Malectin gene polymorphisms promote cerebral palsy via M2‐like macrophage polarization

et al. 2018

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“…The histological outcomes were consistent with the functional improvement, which indicates that EA is important in neurologic recovery after SCI. Although several mechanisms mediate the effect of EA on SCI [13][14][15][16][17], the inhibition of inflammatory response and oxidative stress by EA is primary and important factors [20][21][22] It is well known that ApoE contributes to modulating neuronal repair and remodeling in CNS trauma and diseases [75,76], which owes to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports show that EA could effectively facilitate the cell survival and reduce the neurons apoptosis [13][14][15], prompt neural stem cell or precursor cells to proliferate and differentiate into neurons [16,17], accelerate axonal regeneration and remyelination [18,19] after SCI. In particular, recent reports have shown that EA could alleviate inflammatory response via inhibiting the activation of NF-kB signaling pathway or microglia cells [20,21], or downregulating the M1 macrophages markers as well as upregulating the M2 macrophages markers [22]. EA can also control oxidative stress by reducing the amount of reactive species and increase the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in experimental rat models [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Spinal Cord Injury in Mice: Inhibition Of Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress via ApoE and Nrf2

Nakamura

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic central nervous system disease. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are two critical factors in the pathophysiological process of SCI and closely involved with Apolipoprotein E(ApoE) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). Electroacupuncture (EA) has perfectly neuroprotective effect on SCI. However, the underlying mechanism by which EA mediates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress is not completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways that EA regulates inflammatory response and oxidative stress through elevation of ApoE and Nrf2 after SCI.Methods: C57BL/6 Wide Type (WT) mice and ApoE -/- mice were subjected to SCI model by a serrefine clamping. Neurological function was detected by BMS scores, ultrastructure of demyelinationed axons was observed by transmission electron microscopy. ApoE, pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress-relevant proteins were determined by histochemistry technology. Two-way ANOVA was applied to BMS scores. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test were used to analyse differences among groups.Results: BMS scores were increased gradually and demyelinated axons were improved by EA gradually with the expression of ApoE. EA can inhibit inflammatory response by activation of ApoE, which decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) expression and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-10 and TGF-β1).Meanwhile, EA can also inhibit oxidative stress by elevation of Nrf2,which induced HO-1 and NQO1 expression in WT and ApoE -/- mice.Conclusions: EA is a reliable treatment for promoting functional recovery of SCI. Thesynergisticrole of ApoE and Nrf2 in EA regulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress is decisiveto recovery after SCI.

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“…In rats with spinal cord injuries, EA treatment altered the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages. EA treatment suppressed the M1 subtypeby downregulating the marker protein CD68 and reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, while simultaneously enhancing the proportion of M2, upregulating the marker proteins CD206 and NT-3 and increasing expression levels of IL-10 [42]. Similar findings were revealed in a study conducted by da Silva and colleagues [43], where they demonstrated that MA resulted in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of muscle pain, accompanied by an M1 to M2 shift in the macrophage population and increased IL-10 expression levels.…”

Section: Attenuation Of Systemic Inflammation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Acupuncture to Attenuate Immune Responses and Oxidative Stress in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: What Do We Know So Far?

Zhao

Yeung

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common sequela following surgery and hospitalization. The prevention and management of POCD are important during clinical practice. POCD more commonly affects elderly patients who have undergone major surgery and can result in major decline in quality of life for both patients and their families. Acupuncture has been suggested as an effective intervention for many neurological disorders. In recent years, there are increasing interest in the use of acupuncture to prevent and treat POCD. In this review, we summarized the clinical and preclinical evidence of acupuncture on POCD using a narrative approach and discussed the potential mechanisms involved. The experimental details and findings of studies were summarized in tables and analyzed. Most of the clinical studies suggested that acupuncture before surgery could reduce the incidence of POCD and reduce the levels of systematic inflammatory markers. However, their reliability is limited by methodological flaws. Animal studies showed that acupuncture reduced cognitive impairment and the associated pathology after various types of surgery. It is possible that acupuncture modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic changes, and other cellular events to mitigate POCD. In conclusion, acupuncture is a potential intervention for POCD. More clinical studies with good research design are required to confirm its effectiveness. At the same time, findings from animal studies will help reveal the protective mechanisms, in which systematic inflammation is likely to play a major role.

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Electroacupuncture Alleviates the Inflammatory Response via Effects on M1 and M2 Macrophages after Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract: EA had a positive impact on SCI model rats. This may be related to the neuroprotective effect of NT-3, which may increase the polarisation of M2 microglia/macrophages.

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Malectin gene polymorphisms promote cerebral palsy via M2‐like macrophage polarization

Malectin gene polymorphisms promote cerebral palsy via M2‐like macrophage polarization

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Spinal Cord Injury in Mice: Inhibition Of Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress via ApoE and Nrf2

Application of Acupuncture to Attenuate Immune Responses and Oxidative Stress in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: What Do We Know So Far?

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