Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons

Roussey, Matthieu; Bernal, María; Courjal, Nadège; Labeke, D. van; Baida, Fadi; Salut, Roland

doi:10.1063/1.2402946

Cited by 134 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Slow photons have also been employed to drastically enhance the electro-optic response of lithium niobate, where an observed enhancement of 312 times at the band-edge of the photonic crystal suggested the possibility of micron sized nonlinear devices with very low power requirement. [55] Originating as a fascinating optical-physics phenomenon, slow photons have now attracted scientists of a wide range of disciplines as there now exist a myriad of opportunities in enhancing photo processes and photochemical reactions.…”

Section: Examples Of Photonic Band-edge Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons

et al. 2006

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Slow photon, or light with reduced group velocity, is a unique phenomenon found in photonic crystals that theoreticians have long suggested to be invaluable for increasing the efficiency of light-driven processes. This thesis demonstrates experimentally the feasibility of using slow photons to optically amplify photochemistry of both organic and inorganic systems. The effect of photonic properties on organic photochemistry was investigated by tracing out the wavelength-dependent rate of photoisomerization of azobenzene anchored on silica opals. The application of slow photons to inorganic photochemical processes was realized by molding nanocrystalline titania into an inverse opal structure and investigating its photodegradation efficiency in relation to the photonic properties. Changes in the photodegradation efficiency were directly linked to modifications of the electronic band gap absorption as a result of the photonic properties.The highest enhancement of twofold was achieved when the energy of the slow photons overlaps with the electronic band gap absorption, such that the loss of light due to photonic stop-band reflection was significantly reduced. In addition, the strength of slowphoton amplification with respect to the macroscopic structural order was studied by ii introducing controlled disorder via the incorporation of guest spheres into the opal templates. For the first time, a correlation between structural order, photonic properties and a photochemical process was established. The ability to combine slow-photon optical amplification with chemical enhancement was further achieved by incorporating platinum nanoparticles in inverse titania opals where the platinum nanoparticles increased the lifetimes of the higher population of electron-hole pairs arising from slow photon.Overall, various important factors governing the slow photon enhancement were investigated in detail, including the energy of the photonic stop band, angle dependence, thickness of the film, degree of structural order, filling fraction of the dielectric material and diffusion of a second medium if present. Theoretical calculations based on scalarwave approximation in support of the experimental findings were provided wherever possible. The findings provide a blueprint for achieving optical amplification using slow photons in the broad range of photochemical or photophysical processes.iii

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Section: Examples Of Photonic Band-edge Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons

et al. 2006

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“…We are currently working on the implementation of such PhC structures in PE waveguide layers. Though the optical characterization has not yet been performed, we can infer from preliminary work [2] that the results reported in this paper could enable the fabrication of 2D photonic bandgap structures. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solution has been proposed recently, based on photonic crystal (PhC) structures that replace the traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Roussey et al [2] have shown that the active length of the modulators in lithium niobate may thereby be reduced to as little as 13 lm. These results open the way to compact high-bandwidth intensity modulators that could compete with electro-absorption modulators in terms of extinction ratio and operating wavelength range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch process for the fabrication of LiNbO3 photonic crystals using proton exchange followed by CHF3 reactive ion etching

Ulliac¹,

Courjal²,

Chong³

et al. 2008

Optical Materials

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We report a simple process for the batch fabrication of photonic crystals in lithium niobate substrates. By means of proton-exchange (PE) followed by CHF 3 reactive ion etching (RIE) we have achieved structures with a diameter of 400 nm and an aspect ratio (depth-to-diameter) of 3:1. Sub-micrometric structures have been fabricated with an 85°angle between the walls and the plane of the substrate. We provide the optimized parameters -and their influence on the aspect ratio, the etching rate and the verticality of the walls. Transversal cross-section micrographs of the etched patterns, for both X-cut and Z-cut substrates, are shown as a clear evidence of the capability developed.

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“…Considering the aforementioned features of PC cavities, it is possible to realize high-Q, small modalvolume, compact, and high throughput devices [12][13][14][15]. For instance, a lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) electro-optic modulator is experimentally exploited with two orders of magnitude enhanced electro-optic effect compared to that for the bulk LiNbO 3 due to operation in the slow light regime of the PC [16]. Another important issue in PC cavity-based refractive index sensors or electro-optic modulators is the sharpness of the band edges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electro-optic modulation of LiNbO$_{3}$-based photonic crystal cavities with dual mode and polarization operation

Bagci¹,

Kurt²,

Akaoğlu³

et al. 2017

Turk J Phys

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Abstract:A high output transmission and high quality factor, compact LiNbO 3 -based Fabry-Perot-type photonic crystal cavity is reported that can be used in electro-optical modulators at optical communication wavelengths. The electro-optic effect is 123 times enhanced as compared to the bulk material as a result of the slow light effect. The transmission wavelength is found to depend linearly on the applied voltage with 1.2 nm/V modulation sensitivity.Moreover, an externally switchable dual mode regime with high quality factors and transmissions is realized. High transmissions and high quality factors are also obtained for both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations simultaneously.

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Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons

Cited by 134 publications

References 26 publications

Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons

Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons

Batch process for the fabrication of LiNbO3 photonic crystals using proton exchange followed by CHF3 reactive ion etching

Enhanced electro-optic modulation of LiNbO$_{3}$-based photonic crystal cavities with dual mode and polarization operation

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