Electrical immunosensor based on dielectrophoretically-deposited carbon nanotubes for detection of influenza virus H1N1

Abstract

The influenza virus has received extensive attention due to the recent H1N1 pandemics originating from swine. This study reports a label-free, highly sensitive, and selective electrical immunosensor for the detection of influenza virus H1N1 based on dielectrophoretically deposited single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). COOH-functionalized SWCNTs were deposited on a self-assembled monolayer of polyelectrolyte polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDDA) between two gold electrodes by dielectrophoretic and electrostatic forces, which resulted in reproducible, uniform, aligned, and aggregation-free SWCNT channels (2-10 μm in length). Avidin was immobilized onto the PDDA-SWCNT channels, and viral antibodies were immobilized using biotin-avidin coupling. The resistance of the channels increased with the binding of the influenza viruses to the antibodies. These immunosensors showed linear behavior as the virus concentration was varied from 1 to 10(4) PFU ml(-1) along with a detection time of 30 min. The immunosensors with a 2 μm channel length detected 1 PFU ml(-1) of the influenza virus accurately (R(2) = 0.99) and selectively from MS2 bacteriophages. These immunosensors have the potential to become an important component of a point-of-care test kit that will enable a rapid clinical diagnosis.

Review: Microbial analysis in dielectrophoretic microfluidic systems

“…Functionalization of microbial receptors in the area between electrodes, which are regions of low field strength, can enable nDEP-based enrichment of microbials. Based on this, a DEP-enhanced immunosensor for label-free, highly sensitive, detection of influenza virus H1N1 has been reported 121 . COOH-functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were dielectrophoretically deposited on a self-assembled monolayer of polyelectrolyte polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDDA) between two gold electrodes, resulting in a uniformly aligned SWCNT channels (2–10 mm in length).…”

Critical overview on the application of sensors and biosensors for clinical analysis

“…Avian influenza virus is spread easily via air, with infection acquired through the respiratory system. Thus, rapid, reliable methods of detecting the influenza virus are needed, as conventional virus detection methods such as diagnostic test kits, ELISA and PCR are poor in specificity, low in sensitivity, time consuming and expensive, and they require a laboratory and a trained technician [143]. Recently used immunosensors are listed in Table 6 for the detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen, avian influenza virus and dengue virus, all of which used nanomaterials.…”

Rapid electrical immunoassay of the cardiac biomarker troponin I through dielectrophoretic concentration using imbedded electrodes

“…Figures 1(b were aligned between the two Cr/Au electrodes after DEP and that these aligned SWCNTs differed from the non-aligned and dense network of SWCNTs formed through sedimentation (Sharma et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2014). The AFM images reveal that SWCNTs were deposited at a high density between the detection electrodes (Cr/Au) (Fig.…”