Electrical Detection of Dengue Biomarker Using Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin as the Biological Recognition Element

Abstract

Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted by dengue virus in the first days of infection and acts as an excellent dengue biomarker. Here, the direct electrical detection of NS1 from dengue type 2 virus has been achieved by the measurement of variations in open circuit potential (OCP) between a reference electrode and a disposable Au electrode containing immobilized anti-NS1 antibodies acting as immunosensor. Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was utilized for the first time as the biological recognition element alternatively to conventional mammalian antibodies in the detection of dengue virus NS1 protein. NS1 protein was detected in standard samples in a 0.1 to 10 µg.mL−1 concentration range with (3.2 ± 0.3) mV/µg.mL−1 of sensitivity and 0.09 µg.mL−1 of detection limit. Therefore, the proposed system can be extended to detect NS1 in real samples and provide an early diagnosis of dengue.

Electrochemical lateral flow immunosensor for detection and quantification of dengue NS1 protein

“…The lower limit of detection of our ELFI is lower than that of others; 90 ng/mL (Figueiredo et al 2015), 35 ng/mL (Silva et al 2015), 30 ng/mL (Om Parkash 2014).…”

Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) and their applications in human and veterinary health: A review

“…Figueiredo et al produced IgY against the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus 2 (DENV2). These antibodies were used to compose an immunosensor that was effective in electrically detecting the NS1 protein of DENV2 in standard samples and could be used for dengue 2 diagnosis in biological samples [108].…”

The capacitive sensing of NS1 Flavivirus biomarker

“…NS1 exists in multiple oligomeric forms with molecular weight ranging from 46 to 55 kDa, depending on its glycosylation patterns, that are dependent on the infecting Flavivirus and on the host cells they infect and their different cellular locations (Muller and Young, 2013). Indeed, NS1 detection has gained considerable attention for early diagnostic tests of dengue infection, as it is found in abundance in the serum of patients through early stages of the disease (Parkash and Hanim Shueb, 2015) and consequently many works have been proposed to evaluate the levels of NS1 antigen in buffer and in serum samples (Cavalcanti et al, 2012;Dias et al, 2013;Figueiredo et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2014;Su et al, 2003). Although some authors have reported higher levels of NS1 in secondary infections due to increased viremia (Dussart et al, 2006), others describe the detection of this protein due to low pre-existing virus-IgG immune complexes (Peeling et al, 2010).…”