Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Agriculture: The Assessment of Soil Salinity

Visconti, Fernando; Paz, José Miguel de

doi:10.5772/62741

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The possibility of using the conductivity parameter data for environmental management and agriculture, in particular, for interpreting the yield map and obtaining input recipes for nutrients is confirmed [36] and for fertilizer management for crop production [37].…”

Section: Analysis Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Problem of Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Agriculture as a Factor of Environmental Safety

Dreval

Loboichenko

Malko

et al. 2020

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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AbstractThe paper analyses certain aspects of organic agriculture and emphasises the need for an integrated approach in its research. The necessity of using ecologically safe agricultural production as a component of the development of modern civilized states is pointed out in the paper. The method of direct conductometry has been used to study the total mineral composition of plowed soils, which is considered as a component of “green” chemistry methods. The electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts of arable soils, in which mineral and organic fertilizers are applied, is measured. The obtained data vary between 10 and 220 μS. In the paper, for the first time, the regularities of fluctuations of the data of electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts of arable soils, in which various plant cultures had been grown, were revealed and mineral nitrogen fertilizers or organic fertilizers were introduced. Lower data of electrical conductivity are characteristic of plowed soils, in which mineral fertilizers are applied, which indirectly indicates their depletion. The advantage of using organic fertilizers as a necessary component of organic agriculture has been confirmed. It is noted that a promising area of the research is a complete use of an integrated approach to the organic agriculture being farmed in various European countries.

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Section: Analysis Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Problem of Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Agriculture as a Factor of Environmental Safety

Dreval

Loboichenko

Malko

et al. 2020

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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“…FDR is based on the resonance features of RLC (resistor, inductor, and capacitor) circuits in which a capacitor is formed by two electrodes and the in-between and surrounding soil [24]. The principle is based on the electrical capacitance of a capacitor that uses the soil as a dielectric pole that depends on the soil water content.…”

Section: Sensor Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Soil Moisture Sensors in Florida Sandy Soils

Ferrarezi

Nogueira

Zepeda

2020

Water

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Soil moisture sensors can improve water management efficiency by measuring soil volumetric water content (θv) in real time. Soil-specific calibration equations used to calculate θv can increase sensor accuracy. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the performance of several commercial sensors and to establish soil-specific calibration equations for different soil types. We tested five Florida sandy soils used for citrus production (Pineda, Riviera, Astatula, Candler, and Immokalee) divided into two depths (0.0–0.3 and 0.3–0.6 m). Readings were taken using twelve commercial sensors (CS650, CS616, CS655 (Campbell Scientific), GS3, 10HS, 5TE, GS1 (Meter), TDT-ACC-SEN-SDI, TDR315, TDR315S, TDR135L (Acclima), and Hydra Probe (Stevens)) connected to a datalogger (CR1000X; Campbell Scientific). Known amounts of water were added incrementally to obtain a broad range of θv. Small 450 cm3 samples were taken to determine the gravimetric water content and calculate the θv used to obtain the soil-specific calibration equations. Results indicated that factory-supplied calibration equations performed well for some sensors in sandy soils, especially 5TE, TDR315L, and GS1 (R2 = 0.92) but not for others (10HS, GS3, and Hydra Probe). Soil-specific calibrations from this study resulted in accuracy expressed as root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.018 to 0.030 m3 m−3 for 5TE, CS616, CS650, CS655, GS1, Hydra Probe, TDR310S, TDR315, TDR315L, and TDT-ACC-SEN-SDI, while lower accuracies were found for 10HS (0.129 m3 m−3) and GS3 (0.054 m3 m−3). This study provided soil-specific calibration equations to increase the accuracy of commercial soil moisture sensors to facilitate irrigation scheduling and water management in Florida sandy soils used for citrus production.

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“…Other sensors for σ b measurement are based on reflectometry, remarkably in the time domain (TDR) [12,23,24]. Then, electromagnetic induction (EMI) is another important technique used in many instruments [25,26], which notably does not need soil contact, and therefore is ideal for data-intensive works [27][28][29][30]. Finally, in more recent years the reflectometry technique has been expanded to the frequency domain with the development of frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors for detection and reading of σ b in addition to soil relative bulk dielectric permittivity (ε b ) [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of electrical conductivity probes offers a cost-effective way for soil salinity appraisal [12,26]. The rapid information obtained with these proximal probes can be readily used in a sustainable agriculture framework for monitoring and, eventually, for decision-making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal

Visconti

Paz

2020

Soil Systems

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By using different physical foundations and technologies, many probes have been developed for on-site soil salinity appraisal in the last forty years. In order to better understand their respective technical and practical advantages and constraints, comparisons among probes are needed. In this study, three different probes, based on electrical resistance (ER), electromagnetic induction (EMI), and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), were compared during a field survey carried out in a large salt-threatened agricultural area. Information about the soil bulk electrical conductivity (σb) at different depths was obtained with each of the probes and, additionally, other soil properties were also measured depending on the specifications of each instrument and, moreover, determined in samples. On average, the EMI and FDR techniques could be regarded as equivalent for σb measurement, whereas ER gave higher σb values. Whatever the case, EMI, and also ER, had to be supplemented with information about soil clay, organic matter, and water mass fractions to attain, despite this effort, poor soil salinity estimations by means of multiple linear regression models (R2 < 0.5). On the contrary, FDR needed only probe data to achieve R2 of 0.7, though root mean standard error (RMSE) was still 1.5 dS m−1. The extra measurements and calculations that modern electrical conductivity contact probes integrate, specifically, those based on FDR, remarkably increase their ability for soil salinity appraisal, although there is still room for improvement.

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Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Agriculture: The Assessment of Soil Salinity

Cited by 39 publications

References 77 publications

The Problem of Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Agriculture as a Factor of Environmental Safety

The Problem of Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Agriculture as a Factor of Environmental Safety

Performance of Soil Moisture Sensors in Florida Sandy Soils

Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal

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