Electrical and Electronic Technologies in More-Electric Aircraft: A Review

Ni, Kai; Liu, Yongjiang; Mei, Zhanbo; Wu, Ta‐You; Hu, Yihua; Wen, Huiqing; Wang, Yangang

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2921622

Cited by 84 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In [13], several aspects of MEA, including major subsystems and trends, were generally discussed and a section was allocated to discussing future challenges. An in-depth review of machine technologies as well as other issues, such as power electronics, were conducted in [14]; in addition, at the end of each section, informative tables were provided to summarize the presented information. The authors in [12] paid more attention to EPS and presented some distribution systems (DSs) in a case about structures to enable readers to compare.…”

Section: Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

2020

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Narrow body and wide body aircraft are responsible for more than 75% of aviation greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and aviation, itself, was responsible for about 2.5% of all GHG emissions in the United States in 2018. This situation becomes worse when considering a 4-5% annual growth in air travel. Electrified aircraft is clearly a promising solution to combat the GHG challenge; thus, the trend is to eliminate all but electrical forms of energy in aircraft power distribution systems. However, electrification adds tremendously to the complexity of aircraft electric power systems (EPS), which is dramatically changing in our journey from conventional aircraft to more electric aircraft (MEA) and all electric aircraft (AEA). In this paper, we provide an in-depth discussion on MEA/AEA EPS: electric propulsion, distributed propulsion systems (DPS), EPS voltage levels, power supplies, and EPS architectures are discussed. Publications on power flow (PF) analysis and management of EPS are reviewed, and an initial schematic of a potential aircraft EPS with electric propulsion is proposed. In this regard, we also briefly review the components required for MEA/AEA EPS, including power electronics (PE) converters, electric machines, electrochemical energy units, circuit breakers (CBs), and wiring harness. A comprehensive review of each of the components mentioned above or other topics except for those related to steady state power flow in MEA/AEA EPS is out of this paper's scope and should be found somewhere else. At the close of the paper, some challenges in the path towards AEA are presented. Unless the discussed challenges are satisfactorily addressed and solved, arriving at an AEA that can properly operate over commercial missions will not be possible. INDEX TERMS aircraft electrification, all electric aircraft (AEA), electric power system (EPS), more electric aircraft (MEA), power distribution system, steady state power flow analysis.

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Section: Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

2020

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“…A multitude of machine technologies have been suggested for high-power machines or S/G applications [32], [67], including 1) wound-field synchronous machines (WFSMs) [21], [68], 2) permanent magnet machines (PMMs) [69], [70], 3) induction machines (IMs) [71]- [73], and 4) reluctance machines (RMs) [74]- [77]. regarding the electrical machine families are the focus for Sections IV and V. Since IMs, PMMs and RMs demands active PEC at the stator-side, all of them will automatically include S/G functionality, they will be treated as an S/G hereafter.…”

Section: ) Electrical Machine Families For S/gsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power Machines and Starter-Generator Topologies for More Electric Aircraft: A Technology Outlook

et al. 2020

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More electric aircraft (MEA) architectures consist of several subsystems, which must all comply with the settled safety requirements of aerospace applications. Thus, achieving reliability and fault-tolerance represents the main cornerstone when classifying different solutions. Hybrid electric aircraft (HEA) extends the MEA concept by electrifying the propulsive power as well as the auxiliary power, and thereby pushing the limits of electrification. This paper gives an overview of the high-power electrical machine families and their associated power electronic converter (PEC) interfaces that are currently competing for aircraft power conversion systems. Various functionalities and starter-generator (S/G) solutions are also covered. In order to highlight the latest advancements, the efficiency of the world's most powerful aerospace generator (Mark 1) developed within the E-Fan X HEA project is graphically represented and assessed against other rivaling solutions. Motivated by the strict requirements on efficiency, power density, trustworthiness, as well as starting functionalities, supplementary considerations on the system-level design are paramount. In order to highlight the MEA goals and take advantage of all potential benefits, all subsystems must be treated as a whole. It is then shown that the combination of PECs, aircraft grid and electrical machines can be better adapted to benefit the overall system. This survey outlines the influence of these concerns and offers a view of the future technology outlook, as well as covering the present challenges and opportunities.

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“…The motivations for the development towards MEA concepts, the established alternative power distribution systems and the available power electronic conversion (PEC) technology has been thoroughly covered in other recent publication [3]- [7]. However, a brief introduction to the requirements for MEA power systems, the operation principles for S/Gapplications and the PEC interfaces for various S/G concepts is presented in the following.…”

Section: Power Conversion and Distribution Systems For Starter-gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several machine technologies have been proposed for S/G applications [7], [20], including permanent magnet machines (PMMs) [21], [22], induction machines (IMs) [23]- [25], switched reluctance machines (SRMs) [26]- [29] and brushless wound-field synchronous machines (WFSMs) [30]. Fig.…”

Section: B Basic Principles Of Starter-generators (S/gs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Machines and Power Electronics For Starter-Generators in More Electric Aircrafts: A Technology Review

Nøland

Leandro

Suul

et al. 2019

IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Safety-critical power conversion systems play a major role in the paradigm shift towards more electric aircraft (MEA) architectures. This paper reviews the electrical machines and their power electronic systems that are currently competing in the application of integrated starter-generators (S/Gs) in MEA power systems. Motivated by the strict requirements of sufficient electrical starting capability, super-high power density and ultra-high reliability, additional considerations on the overall system design are necessary, including the power electronic converters (PECs) and integrated thermal designs. These aspects are discussed not only in the light of their many benefits but also of the challenges introduced by the continuous advancements and emerging innovations in the power conversion technology. In achieving the MEA goals and capitalize on all potential benefits, optimization-based design approaches will be necessary, where the aggregation of electric machines, PECs and the aircraft grid is considered as an integrated system to be optimized. This review highlights the importance of these aspects and offers a view on future perspectives and open issues. Index Terms-Aircraft power generation, more-electric aircraft (MEA), starter-generator (S/G).

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Electrical and Electronic Technologies in More-Electric Aircraft: A Review

Cited by 84 publications

References 117 publications

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

Electric Power Systems in More and All Electric Aircraft: A Review

High-Power Machines and Starter-Generator Topologies for More Electric Aircraft: A Technology Outlook

Electrical Machines and Power Electronics For Starter-Generators in More Electric Aircrafts: A Technology Review

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