Elderberry flavonoids bind to and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro

Study of the distribution profile of piperidine alkaloids in various parts of Prosopis juliflora by the application of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS)

“…However, the chemical complexity of plant extracts had made mass spectrometric characterization of whole extracts difficult due to the lack of reliable extraction methodologies that can yield optimized extracts with dose-to-dose reliable chemical compositions. 13 Recently, a new high throughput ''ambient'' ionization method, Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS), operating in open air have been developed, that ionizes compounds (gas, liquid or solid) directly in their native condition, by passing most steps of the analytical system, 14,15 such as solvent extraction. DART-MS produces [M + H] + molecular ions of most compounds, therefore simple and clear mass spectra are obtained even of multi-component samples.…”

Sambucus nigra Extracts Inhibit Infectious Bronchitis Virus at an Early Point during Replication

“…Polyphenols are a likely source of this inhibition, as plants with high polyphenol concentrations often have antiviral properties [11]. In fact, two flavonols extracted from S. nigra berries can bind to virions from specific influenza virus strains and prevent infection in vitro [48], although whether these flavonols disrupted virion structure is unknown. Perhaps these or similar compounds in our S. nigra extract also inhibited IBV.…”

“…Cyanidins, kaempferols, and isorhamnetins are known antiviral chemicals [68]. Additionally, the two flavonols (5,7,3' ,4'-tetra-O-methylquercetin and 5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate), which bind to and inhibit influenza virus [48], are found in S. nigra and not in R. rosea or N. sativa, making them potential candidates as well. Alternatively, testing different fractions of S. nigra extracts for antiviral capabilities, along with direct chemical identification, could identify which, if any, of these chemicals are responsible for the early inhibition of IBV replication.…”

“…1.5 g of N. sativa seeds (Frontier Natural Products Co-op, Norway, IA) was homogenized in 10 ml of 85% ethanol and incubated for 7 d at room temperature [46,47]. 32.0 g of S. nigra fruit (San Francisco Herb Company, San Francisco, CA) was homogenized in 40 ml of 80% ethanol and incubated for 4 d at room temperature [48]. Following these incubations, extract solutions were centrifuged at 1900 × g for 5 min at room temperature to remove debris and the remaining supernatant was syringe filtered through a 0.22 μm polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Fisher Scientific Company, Fair Lawn, NJ).…”

Molecular Structure Studies of Neuraminidase Inhibitors from Eleusine Aegyptiaca L

“…The new ionization source in mass spectrometry, termed DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) [6,7], is combined to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, making it possible to rapidly and accurately identify the chemical components in botanicals and extracts at atmospheric pressure, typically with no sample preparation or processing requirements. Flavonoids in elderberry fruits that contribute to the reported anti-influenza activities were analyzed through DART TOF-MS analysis [8]. This work addresses the neuraminidase inhibition using Eleusine aegyptiaca L., isolation of compounds by spectrometric methods, identification of inhibition mechanism using DART TOF-MS, Solvent Accessible Surface Area (ASA) analysis and molecular docking of neuraminidase inhibitor.…”