Elaboration and Researches of Hichly Effective Installation for Vibro-Blowing Dehydration of Dispersive Waste of Food Productions

Abstract

There are schemes of equipment for dehydration of damp dispersive waste of food productions (spirit grain, beer pallets, beet pulp, coffee and barley slag) analyzed in this article. These wastes at the majority of food enterprises of Ukraine are poured out onto the ground and that leads to environment pollution. However, in case of dehydration of these wastes to humidity 20 – 25%, they can be used as valuable additions to agricultural forages or as high-energy fuels. Thus, the problems of waste utilization and protection of nature from pollutions are resolved simultaneously. Besides, the enterprise gets a profit from the sales of forage additions or fuel. The known equipment for mechanical dehydration, for example, the screw-presses and the decanter centrifuges, provides the waste final humidity no less 74 – 76%, therefore waste demand of an additional drying after the dehydration at this equipment. That brings to a significant increase of energy expenses. An application of the vibro-blowing dehydration at the installations with the hydraulic pulse drive provides waste final humidity 20 – 25%, but these installations are complex by design, have big dimensions and high cost. A drying in pulverizing or in vacuum dryers is most power-consuming dehydration method (expenses of energy - 740 ÷ 2248 kW h/ ton of dehydrated waste). Equipment for the chemical and biological dehydration is the large multiple-unit complexes with low specific productivity. Therefore, article authors offer a scheme of the installation with the combined unbalanced and hydraulic drive that has a relatively simple design, compact dimensions, high reliability and at the same time, in correspondence with the authors’ estimation, will provide necessary, above indicated humidity. Also equations for determination of the main working parameter – the pressure in the press-form of the proposed installation are presented in the article.

Determination of Optimal Design and Working Parameters of a Vibro-Press for Dehydration of Damp Dispersive Wastes of Food Industry

“…Conducted experiments and calculations [1,9,10,11] have demonstrated, that such loading provides high productivity of the working process (for dehydration of alcoholic bard, beer pellets an coffee slime)corresponding to productivity of other mechanical methods, lower power consuming and final humidity of the processed wastes.…”

“…Early conducted experimental and theoretical researches of processes and equipment for the vibroblowing dehydration of damp dispersive materials in case of using of the hydraulic pulse drive for provision of vertical periodical fluctuations of the press-form [1,9,10,11] prove that main parameters of the vibroblowing loading for these processes are: maximal pressure pw.max in the middle of the processed material in the press-form, amplitude zIa and frequency ν of fluctuations of the press-form.…”