Processes of classification (separation) of dry and damp dispersive materials are wide spread in metallurgy, construction, agriculture, in chemical, food, processing industry and in other branches. Therefore, constructors and technologists pay a lot of attention for rationalization of these processes and equipment for their realization in direction of increase of productivity and quality of classification, reliability of machines, decrease of power-consuming. In last decades in Ukraine with development of small and middle farming enterprises there is a tendency of increase of variety of grain raw materials by kinds, grades, humidity, sizes, mass, density and volume of particles. All this should consider food and processing enterprises which often work in quite intensive regime in a period of harvest. So, in last time there become more strong demands to efficiency of technological preparation of processes classification for selection of most rational method, equipment and regimes of processing with consideration of parameters of raw materials and demands of further technological processes (grinding, mixing, heating, cooking, frying etc). Because of that, there will be useful a method of automated technological projection of classification processes of dry dispersive materials, proposed in this article. The method allows to elaborate most effective technology of classification with consideration of volume of output program, time for its fulfilment, geometrical and structural-mechanical properties of processed material, characteristics of available equipment for classification and criterions of efficiency of elaborated technology – productivity and specified operational expenses for its realization. The method can be used as a base for elaboration of a computer program of automated synthesis and analysis of rational technological processes of classification of grain raw materials.
Modernization problems of known equipment now are actual enough for different branches of the mechanical engineering. Therefore, a lot of time and efforts is spent on rationalization and automation of synthesis and analysis of modernized objects. The known methods and the software tools for synthesis and analysis of schemes of different equipment and technologies for the machine building production are not enough universal and labor-intensive, because a significant part of work for their realization is fulfilled by high-qualified specialists without of use of computers. There is an improved method of criterial synthesis and analysis elaborated in this article. This method allows with relatively small expenses of time to receive effective variants of different equipment with consideration of the all main initial conditions and parameters and with a possibility of determination with help of simple formulas of the most important criterions of their evaluation for founded selection of the most effective variant. Under realization of the proposed method as main initial parameters of the projected equipment for machining, loading-unloading or transportation are used: equipment destination, its admissible dimension, mass, working capacity, cost, power-consuming, accuracy. Taking in consideration these initial parameters at the next stages are selected admissible variants of modernization. Final evaluation and selection of the most prospective variants are made under criterions of admissible dimension, mass, working capacity, cost, power-consuming, degrees of standardization, unification and automation. At basis of the proposed method can be elaborated a computer program of automated synthesis and analysis for high-effective modernization of modern equipment and technologies for the machine building production.
Analysis of known methods and modern equipment for printing and publishing (sheet rotary machines, roll machines, flat-printing and platen machines for flat impression block, relief, intaglio and digital printing) is conducted in this article. In a result of the analysis article authors have to make a conclusion, that most prospective equipment for automated printing and publishing complexes are: high-performance sheet and roll machines, in that number crucible, flatbed and rotary three-cylinder machines and also single-layer and multi-layer sectional machines, digital laser and inkjet machines. Authors propose a mathematical model of an automated optimization system of functioning of modern printing and publishing companies. In the model are used databases with information about orders (quantity, volumes, content, terms of orders fulfillment, admissible prime value and characteristics of quality of finished products), production capacities of printing and publishing enterprises of the region (destination, quantity and productivity of equipment, its technological capabilities, loading with other orders, service life), as well as additional data about value of transportation and storage of ready products, the possibility and feasibility of transferring orders to other enterprises and more. The elaborated model can be used as a basis for creation of a computer program for automated synthesis and analysis of functioning optimization of modern printing and publishing companies in the region to improve their efficiency, as well as for help customers of printing products in selection of optimal variants of orders fulfillment. The modeling results will allow to rationalize the utilization of enterprises capacity, to reduce the value of finished products, to ensure their proper quality, to avoid of disruptions during of peak periods of enterprises loading, to reduce the value of repair and maintenance of the complex equipment.
The classification processes (separation, sorting, separation, fractionation) of dry dispersed materials are quite common in the food, chemical and processing industries, in agriculture, metallurgy, at machine-building enterprises and in construction. In particular, at food enterprises, two groups of these processes are implemented - for the extraction of fractions with particles of various sizes, shapes, densities, aerodynamic or electromagnetic properties from raw materials, or for cleaning the raw materials from impurities (sand, stones, metal particles). At the moment, a large number of methods and methods of classification (mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrophysical) and types of equipment for their implementation (screens, screeners, triers, drum screens, hydraulic, pneumatic and electromagnetic separators) are known, in this regard, an urgent task is to choose for a specific type of raw material and technology, of the most rational method of classification and equipment for its implementation. The article presents equations and dependencies for determining the time and energy consumption in the implementation of the processes of mechanical classification of grain raw materials using various load schemes using the most common equipment. At the same time, the classification processes carried out under the influence of gravitational or centrifugal forces, vibration effects, and the load created by a hydraulic impulse or electromagnetic drive are compared. As the main operating parameters of the processes, the maximum speed of movement of a particle of the processed material and the energy intensity of the classification were selected. A computer program can be created with using of the proposed dependencies, to develop a rational classification technology, taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the processed raw materials and specific production conditions.
The processes of processing of grain raw materials are quite common at food and processing enterprises in Ukraine. This is due to the significant volumes and wide variety of these raw materials, as well as a wide range of semi-finished products and finished products that are obtained from them. In particular, the country's enterprises process such types of grain crops as wheat, barley, rye, corn, oats, rice, sorghum, millet, chumiza, mogar, paiza, buckwheat (buckwheat family), mealy amaranth (amaranth family). Peas, beans, lentils, soybeans and other legumes are also grown in large volumes. All these raw materials come from different farms, in different conditions, in a wide range of varieties and quality, thus, even for the same type of grain raw materials such parameters as the shape and size of grains, their weight, moisture, glassiness, hardness, degree of damage and many others may differ significantly. Depending on the type of products obtained from grain raw materials (flour, cereals, malt, bran, starch, gluten, molasses, alcohol grains, vegetable oil, oilcakes, meal), the technologies for its preliminary processing may have significant differences. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for choosing a rational sequence for processing grain raw materials, taking into account the initial quality parameters, conditions of a specific production and criteria for the efficiency of working processes (productivity, energy intensity and quality of finished products). The article also provides options for technological schemes for the preliminary processing of the main types of dry grain raw materials. The proposed sequence for the development of these technological schemes can further serve as the basis for creating a computer program for automated synthesis and analysis of rational options for technological processes for processing dry grain raw materials.
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