Einfluss des Schulrucksackgewichtes bei Grundschulkindern: Gang, Muskelaktivität, Haltung und Stabilität

Hell, Anna K.; Braunschweig, Lena; Grages, Birgit; Brunner, Reinald; Romkes, Jacqueline

doi:10.1007/s00132-020-04047-8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…School backpacks weighing 4 kg caused changes in children's gait, muscle activity, posture, and stability. Due to the weight of the backpack, the center of mass shifted back, and the children's posture became less stable [9]. Similar results were also obtained by Mosaad and Abdelaziem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Research shows that the relationship between the student's body weight and the weight of his or her backpack is very often incorrect. It is not rare that the child's backpack is heavier than 10% of their body weight, which is the value recommended in the literature [5,[7][8][9]. As the load to the body increases, especially after exceeding the recommended backpack weight, significant kinematic changes in the ankle, knee, and hip joints are observed, both in children and adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Podiatric and Stabilographic Examinations of the Effects of School Bag Carrying in Children Aged 11 to 15 Years

et al. 2021

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Background: The issues raised in this study were inspired by the concern for the musculoskeletal status of school children. Carrying excess weight in the form of a school bag in this period of life affects the correct body posture of school children. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of school bags on the feet force distribution on the ground and postural balance in children of both sexes between 11 and 15 years of age. Methods: The study investigated the distribution of pressure forces on the sole of the foot and its arch. The center of pressure for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The participants were 100 students from primary schools in Gdańsk, aged 11 to 15, including 54 girls and 46 boys. The research used a podobarographic platform that measures the distribution of foot pressure to the ground. The examinations included two measurements: in the first, the children stood on the platform in a natural position. Then, a 5 kg backpack was put on and they stood on the platform again. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of the foot pressure on the ground in the left metatarsus (p = 0.000) and heel (p = 0.000) after putting on the backpack in both girls and boys. However, in the right foot, these differences concerned the metatarsal area (p = 0.001). The results of the balance tests were only statistically significant in the group of girls in the right foot sway area (p = 0.020). Conclusions: The school backpack load led to an increase in the values of the heel and metatarsal area measured in the students, causing its flattening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Podiatric and Stabilographic Examinations of the Effects of School Bag Carrying in Children Aged 11 to 15 Years

et al. 2021

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“…Pain indicates a problem, and the prevalence of back pain in school-age youth has increased with the use of a backpack (Shah & Saller, 2016). In addition to the asymmetrical use, the backpack load was associated with postural impairment in a recent study (Hell et al, 2021). Regarding pain, the sensation was reported by students with thoracic kyphosis increased (17.7%), lumbar lordosis increased (2.5%) and lumbar lordosis rectified (67.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the prevalence of sagittal plane changes in the spine of elementary students in the city of Ceres, Brazil

Feitosa

Ferreira

Escobar

et al. 2021

RSD

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Background: Adolescence is the period when postural changes occur, as it is a phase when the body develops and grows. It is also the most appropriate time to evaluate and detect postural problems, and preventive measures may help to avoid these possible changes. However, studies evaluating the postural changes in this age group are lacking. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis changes in the spine of 9th grade students at a state military school in Goiás, Brazil. Methods: A total of 113 students (54 boys and 59 girls) participated in the study. A radiation-free three-dimensional scanning system was used to evaluate the students’ spine. The equipment emits a light on the participants’ back and uses its topography to automatically calculate asymmetries. Results: The prevalence of increased thoracic kyphosis was 14%, increased lumbar lordosis 2% and 72% straightening of the curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Thoracic kyphosis was reported by 9% of male students and 19% of female students. Students of both sexes had increased lumbar lordosis (2%). Females had a higher prevalence of rectified lumbar lordosis (59%) than males (11%). Conclusion: The prevalence of postural changes, especially lumbar lordosis, was very high in the elementary students.

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“…In 2012, this guideline was revised to 10% of body weight [43]. Research backing this opinion illustrates that with an average backpack load of 15% of body weight, there's an increase in anterior pelvic tilt and trunk inclination, as well as considerable vertebral column bending [44]. Even though this paper does not encompass studies on spinal lateral curvature and other coronal plane aspects, the weight thresholds causing significant effects remain consistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical comparison of sagittal vertebral column bend change induced by backpacks in school-aged children and adolescents: Systematic review and network meta-analysis

Ji,

Xu,

Teo

et al. 2024

mcb

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Background: Studies have investigated the effects of backpacks and their loadings on the physiological spinal curvature changes in school-aged children and adolescents across different anatomical planes of motion. However, the dose-response relationship between varying backpack weights and changes in spinal physiological curvature remains unclear due to the uniformity of study protocols. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the sagittal vertebral column bend change induced by backpacks in school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: Three relevant authoritative databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched. Indicators of vertebral column bend in the sagittal plane were selected as the outcomes. In the data organization phase, the extracted data were standardized and pooled together by the Aggregate Data Drug Information System. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and the website of Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis were used to evaluate the risk of bias and confidence ratings of results. Results: 4 trials were included within 244 potential studies. The results indicated a potential dose-effect relationship between backpack weight and sagittal vertebral column bend change. The findings suggested a possible dose-response relationship between backpack weight and sagittal vertebral column bend change, as evidenced by a sequential reduction in the likelihood of causing the most negative effect on sagittal vertebral column bend in 4 backpack scenarios: without backpack, <10%, 10–20%, and >20% of body weight, with probabilities of 0.61, 0.25, 0.13, and 0.01, respectively. The results also indicated that there were no significant differences in the effects on the sagittal vertebral column bend between the four backpack scenarios, in pairwise comparisons. Additionally, the results from the risk of bias assessment revealed that this review suffers from a lack of inclusion of high-quality studies. Moreover, the confidence rating indicated that both direct and indirect comparisons in the network meta-analysis were rated as “Very Low” in confidence rating induced by CINeMA. Conclusion: This review suggests a potential dose-effect relationship between backpack weight and sagittal vertebral column bend, with no significant differences across each head-to-head comparison.

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Einfluss des Schulrucksackgewichtes bei Grundschulkindern: Gang, Muskelaktivität, Haltung und Stabilität

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Podiatric and Stabilographic Examinations of the Effects of School Bag Carrying in Children Aged 11 to 15 Years

Podiatric and Stabilographic Examinations of the Effects of School Bag Carrying in Children Aged 11 to 15 Years

Evaluation of the prevalence of sagittal plane changes in the spine of elementary students in the city of Ceres, Brazil

Biomechanical comparison of sagittal vertebral column bend change induced by backpacks in school-aged children and adolescents: Systematic review and network meta-analysis

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