Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of applying an external load on the distribution of pressure on the plantar side of the foot and maintaining body balance, using the podobarographic platform. Methods: The study was conducted on 130 school children aged 8–10: girls (n = 68, body mass = 22.8 ± 6.0 kg, body height = 129.3 ± 7.5 cm) and boys (n = 62, body mass = 31.1 ± 6.5 kg, body height 134.4 ± 7.3 cm). The study involved 2 trials. At first, children stood on the platform assuming a natural position. Then, they put on a 5-kg backpack and stood on the platform once more. Results: The results indicate that after backpack loading, for the total research group of girls and boys, statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of foot force on the ground in the left forefoot (p = 0.008), metatarsus (p = 0.000) and heel areas (p = 0.002). While in the right foot, these differences were noted for the forefoot (p = 0.024) and metatarsus (p = 0.000). The results of balance testing were also statistically significant. They concerned measurements of the body barycentre area (cop-bars p = 0.003), the barycentre area of the left foot (l-bars p = 0.034) and the parameter comparing distance to surface ratio (cop-lsf p = 0.000). Conclusions: It may be concluded that prolonged overloading with backpacks affects movement patterns, which may further lead to the acquisition and consolidation of postural defects.
Background and Study Aim: The article presents the results of analyses of students’ foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as their body balance before and after exercise (Harvard Step Test). The aim of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as assess the degree of body balance before and after exercise. With that purpose in view, the following research hypothesis was formulated: in the students participating in the study, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground and the degree of body balance differ significantly after physical effort compared with the at-rest conditions. Material and Methods: The study encompassed n=48 students, including 37 women and 11 men. The tests were carried out using such tools as: an EPS/R1 podobarographic mat and the impedance methods – i.e. the InBody 270 body composition analyser. An analysis was performed for the parameters concerning body composition, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and the level of body balance. Results: The results obtained revealed statistically significant differences in the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions that reflected the impact of effort stimuli. Conclusions: Significant differences reflecting the impact of the effort stimuli were expected to be achieved during the mathematical analysis of the results of podobarographic tests that allow for the assessment of the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions. The authors’ assumption was mathematically and statistically confirmed by significant differences foe most of the parameters arising out of the possibilities offered by the research method applied. Comparative assessment unquestionably revealed a negative change in foot arching, as well as lower body posture stability in the female and male subjects, resulting from the physical exercise applied.
Aim. Analysis of the distribution of foot force on the ground in children before and after kinaesthetic stimulation. Materials and methods. Research was conducted from April 11 to May 22, 2019, in two groups of children aged 7-12. The experimental group (E) consisted of children attending dance classes, while the control group (C) comprised their peers undergoing mandatory physical educations classes. To obtain answers to the posed research questions, the tests were carried out using a sub-pararographic mat. The results were analysed using the Statistica program. The authors are aware that some of the results obtained are nonparametric data, therefore, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Considering further results analysed via the Student’s t-test, non-parametric data were analysed for this test. Results. There were statistically significant differences between the average results of the subjects at the level of p<0.05 occurring before the introduction of kinaesthetic stimulation. Distribution of forces on the metatarsal bones of the left foot (pd0.04), the tarsus bones of the left foot (pd0.0078), the toes of the right foot (pd0.0039) and the metatarsal bones of the right foot (pd0.03). However, after stimulation, a statistically significant difference at the level of pd0.0076 occurred in the distribution of forces on the bones of the toes of the right foot. Analysing the average results, statistically significant differences were observed for COP distance (pd0.0001) and the area of t he body’s barycentre ellipse (pd0.01999). Conclusions. Dance practiced in childhood significantly affects the postural stability of the body and the distribution of forces on the ground. It was also noticed that when performing fast movements, there were noticeable differences in the body posture of dancing and non-dancing children.
Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.
Introduction: Numerous modalities of conservative therapeutic interventions are available to achieve the best health benefits in people with Low Back Pain (LBP), e.g., kinesiotherapy, physical therapy, behavior therapy. People with LBP continue to experience pain and disability despite receiving the best evidence based therapy. Osteopathic Manual Therapy (OMT) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Ortopedic Manual Therapy (KEOMT) are the other options, although their effectiveness remains controversial. The aim of this study is a proposal for a protocol for randomized trials to compare the effectiveness of OMT vs. KEOMT on pain and disability in people suffering from LBP. Methods and analysis: It's a randomized study with two-arms parallel, designed with concealed allocation, the assessor's blinding with intention to-treat analysis. It will include 34 people a group with severe disability ranged from 41 to 60% in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). There will be two groups: a treatment group (OMT) and a comparison group (KEOMT). All the patients in both groups will receive 2 treatments a week for 5 weeks. Each session in both groups will not exceed 30 minutes. During each session OMT and KEOMT techniques will be repeated 3 times. A baseline assessment will be performed pre and post intervention, two days later. The following parameters will be assessed during the evaluations: Numeric Pain Rating Scale – NPRS, ODI. Ethics and dissemination: The trial was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. Registration approval number: 9/2018. Trial registration: The study protocol was prospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on December 28, 2019 (registration ID: ChiCTR1900028580). Strengths and Limitations of this Study The participants' random allocation to the experimental and the control groups. The same experienced physiotherapist, blind to the outcome measures, provides the interventions. The same assistant, blind to the group allocation, administrates the outcomes. The same number of the interventions, the compared contact time with the physiotherapist providing the interventions. A short follow-up period and/or a rather small sample size.
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