Eight Element Side Edged Framed MIMO Antenna Array for Future 5G Smart Phones

Abstract

This paper presents a novel design of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system for next generation sub 6 GHz 5G and beyond mobile terminals. The proposed system is composed of a main board and two side boards. To make the design cost-effective, FR4 is used as a substrate. The design is based on a unit monopole antenna etched at the side substrate. The single element is resonating at 3.5 GHz attaining a 10 dB bandwidth of 200 MHz and a 6 dB bandwidth of 400 MHz. The single element is then transformed into an MIMO array of 8-elements with an overall dimension of 150 mm × 75 mm × 7 mm, providing pattern diversity characteristics and isolation better than −12 dB for any two radiating elements. A number of studies such as effects of human hand on the system that includes single hand mode and dual mode scenarios and the effects of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) over the principal performance parameters of the system are presented. The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) is computed for all the scenarios and it is found that ECC is less than 0.1 for any case and maximum channel capacity is 38.5 bps/Hz within the band of interest. The main advantage of the proposed design over available designs in the literature is that almost all of the main substrate is empty providing wide space for different sensors, systems, and mobile technology components. A brief literature comparison of the proposed system is also presented. To validate the proposed model, a prototype is fabricated and results are presented. This design can be applied on higher frequencies to future micromachines for on chip communications using same theocratical approach as the space for higher frequencies in mmwave spectrum has been reserved. The simulated results are in an excellent agreement with the measured results. All the main performance parameters of the design are calculated and compared with the measured results wherever possible.

Implementing Cloud Radio Access on a Multi-Core System

“…In future work, we will explore the applicability of the proposed model for future 5G smart phones [20]. 4…”

Infinity Shell Shaped MIMO Antenna Array for mm-Wave 5G Applications

“…To fulfill the balance power standard and for optimal diversity performance with a good channel characteristic, the alteration of the MEGs of any two antennas in the MIMO system should be less than 3 dB. The calculated MEG value of the proposed MIMO antenna is shown in Table 1 and is calculated through the standard equation presented in [5].…”

“…The limited bandwidth availability in the microwave region and highly busy portion of the spectrum have forced a move towards a new spectrum range which can offer data rates in the range of multi-gigabits per second (Gbps) [3]. 5G is currently divided into sub-6 GHz and mm-wave regions to achieve the required data rates and bandwidth targets [4][5][6][7]. In this portion of the spectrum, the 28 GHz band has attracted a great deal of attention from the research community due to the low atmospheric attenuation, which is one of the most important and non-ignorable issues in mm-wave communication [8,9].…”

Compact Quad-Element High-Isolation Wideband MIMO Antenna for mm-Wave Applications

“…The lower value of ECC indicates a low mutual coupling and vice versa. The far-field formulation is used to compute the ECC for the proposed MIMO antenna system, given in [25]. Figure 11 illustrates ECC curves for the MIMO antenna which demonstrates the EEC value below 0.001 (<0.5 practical standard) for the desired operating frequency band; ensuring independent channel operation and optimal diversity performance.…”