Egypt's Ongoing Uprising and the Role of Social Media: Is there Development?

Locating the fourth helix: Rethinking the role of civil society in developing smart learning cities

“…Nevertheless, the rising importance of civic engagement is evidenced in the explosion of activism through social networking websites. For example, during the Arab Spring, social platforms were used to connect and empower individuals to act politically, indicating that civil society had become a major agent for protest, with these platforms performing a catalytic effect (Kamel 2013). That said, the evidence of impact of social media in terms of improving equity and social justice for communities is as yet unclear according to Kevin Harris and Angus McCabe (2017).…”

Jordanian’s Economic Challenges & Aspirations: An Empirical Examination

“…Finally, some authors identified the positive influence of social media on the Arab spring revolts [e.g. 13,14].…”

Social Media and the “20 Cents Movement” in Brazil: What Lessons Can Be Learnt from This?

“…. Why did the riots flare up in Brazil when the social, economic and political conditions of the country are not as bad as in other nations where similar uprisings took place, namely Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, Spain, to name just a few (Castells, 2012;Kamel, 2014)?…”

“…The Web environment stimulated autonomy and freedom of thought, which is why social media was an important enabler of this social movement, as also happened in other movements, such as the ones in Spain, Egypt and Iran, to name just a few (Castells, 2012;Kamel, 2014). However, this autonomy and freedom of thought did not elicit the development of a monolithic shared interpretation of Brazil's main priorities and leadership and governance structure, leading the "20 Cents Movement" to an impasse that impeded it from moving forward (Choo, 1996(Choo, , 2001Weick, 1995).…”