Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma

Cônsoli, Fernando Luís; Parra, JosE Roberto Postali; Zucchi, Roberto A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9110-0

Cited by 87 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Many branched dendrites of sensory neurons are usually located inside such sensilla. Similar sensilla have been described in the parasitic wasps Tetrastichus hagenowii Ratzeburg, 1852 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), in which they are also located distally on the antenna (Barlin, Vinson & Piper, 1981;Romani, Isidoro & Bin, 2010). Sensilla similar in morphology and location have also been found in 16 species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), in which they were described as sensilla basiconica long type (Payne et al, 1973).…”

Section: Sensillum Trichodeum Typesupporting

confidence: 61%

Sensation of the tiniest kind: the antennal sensilla of the smallest free-living insectScydosella musawasensis(Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)

Diakova

Polilov

2020

PeerJ

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Miniaturization is a major evolutionary trend prominent in insects, which has resulted in the existence of insects comparable in size to some unicellular protists. The adaptation of the complex antennal multisensory systems to extreme miniaturization is a fascinating problem, which remains almost unexplored. We studied the antennal sensilla of Scydosella musawasensis Hall, 1999 (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae), the smallest free-living insect, using scanning electron microscopy. The antenna of S. musawasensis bears 131 sensilla; no intraspecific variation in the number or position of the sensilla has been revealed. Nine different morphological types of sensilla are described according to their external morphological features and distribution: four types of sensilla trichodea, one type of sensilla chaetica, two types of sensilla styloconica, and two types of sensilla basiconica. Morphometric analysis of the sensilla of S. musawasensis, based on measurements of the lengths and diameters of sensilla and their location and number, showed the absence of significant differences between females and males. Comparative allometric analysis of S. musawasensis and larger Coleoptera showed that the number of sensilla and the size of sensilla chaetica decrease with decreasing body size. However, the number of the types of sensilla and the length and diameter of the multiporous sensilla basiconica revealed no correlation with the body size. Comparison of the acquired data with the results of our earlier study of the antennal sensilla of some of the smallest parasitic wasps is used to put forward hypotheses on the common principles of miniaturization of the antennal sensory systems of insects.

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Section: Sensillum Trichodeum Typesupporting

confidence: 61%

Sensation of the tiniest kind: the antennal sensilla of the smallest free-living insectScydosella musawasensis(Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)

Diakova

Polilov

2020

PeerJ

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“…The antennae of M. caribea are considerably different from those of M. mymaripenne and M. amalphitanum: in M. caribea flagellomeres are fused in both sexes (Fig.1C, 4A-H). In female egg parasitoids, the last flagellomeres are sometimes fused into a club (Romani, Isidoro & Bin, 2010), e.g., in Amitus spiniferus (Brèthes, 1914) (Hymenoptera: Platygasroidea) (Isidoro, Romani & Bin, 2001). By contrast, Ooencyrtus phongi Trjapitzin, Myartseva & Kostjukov, 1977 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Metaphycus parasaissetiae Zhang and Huang, 2007 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, 1926 andT.…”

Section: Discussion Antennal Size and Gross Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensilla trichodea, aporous type 2 (TS2-AP) TS2-AP are typical for parasitoid wasps; they appear in functional groups at the head-scape and scape-pedicel joints and are sometimes called "hair plates" (Romani, Isidoro & Bin, 2010). They have been shown to measure the relative position of the scape with respect to the head in Trichogramma minutum Riley, 1871 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).…”

Section: Morphological Types Of Antennal Sensillamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensilla styloconica (SS) SS were not yet reported in parasitoid wasps. However, SS are reminiscent of the frequent coeloconic sensilla, which are described as short pegs set in pits, supposedly thermo/hygroreceptors (Romani, Isidoro & Bin, 2010). Additionally, in Anagrus atomus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) coeloconic sensilla have exactly the same location as in M. mymaripenne and M. caribea, i.e., one on the 2 nd flagellomere and one on the club (Chiappini, Solinas & Solinas, 2001).…”

Section: Morphological Types Of Antennal Sensillamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only TS2-AP length and width have been found to decrease significantly with the body size ( Fig.8A, B; Table 2). TS2-AP have been shown to inform parasitoid wasps on the relative position of their antenna through changes in the scapal-head angle: TS2-AP on the scape touch the socket of antenna as it moves and deviate to different degrees from their initial orientations (Schmidt & Smith, 1986;Romani, Isidoro & Bin, 2010). It seems that the same mechanism is implemented in the scape-pedicel joint, the second location of these sensilla.…”

Section: Sizes Of Antennal Sensillamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peer Review #2 of "Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (v0.1)"

2018

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One of the major trends in the evolution of parasitoid wasps is miniaturization, which has produced the smallest known insects. Megaphragma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are smaller than some unicellular organisms, with an adult body length of the smallest is only 170 μm. Their parasitoid lifestyle depends on retention of a high level of sensory reception comparable to that in parasitoid wasps that may have antennae hundreds of times larger. Antennal sensilla of males and females of Megaphragma amalphitanum and M. caribea and females of the parthenogenetic M. mymaripenne are described, including sensillum size, external morphology, and distribution. Eight different morphological types of sensilla were discovered, two of them appearing exclusively on female antennae. Two of the types, sensilla styloconica and aporous placoid sensilla, have not been described previously. Regression analyses were performed to detect and evaluate possible miniaturization trends by comparing available data for species of larger parasitoid wasps. The number of antennal sensilla was found to decrease with the body size; M. amalphitanum males have only 39 sensilla per antenna. The number of antennal sensilla types and sizes of the sensilla, however, show little to no correlation with the body size. Our findings on the effects of miniaturization on the antennal sensilla of Megaphragma provide material for discussion on the limits to the reduction of insect antenna.

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Biodiversity of Hymenoptera

Huber

2017

Insect Biodiversity

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Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Sensation of the tiniest kind: the antennal sensilla of the smallest free-living insectScydosella musawasensis(Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)

Sensation of the tiniest kind: the antennal sensilla of the smallest free-living insectScydosella musawasensis(Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)

Peer Review #2 of "Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization: antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (v0.1)"

Biodiversity of Hymenoptera

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