EG/TPU composites with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology

Zhang, Chao; Shi, Meinong; Zhang, Youchen; Yang, Weimin; Jiao, Zhiwei; Yang, Liping

doi:10.1039/c9ra03653a

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The effect of the retardants is influenced by many factors. In the literature [17], the EG/PU composites prepared with their method showed a V-0 flame retardance level, whereas EG/PU composite prepared by conventional blending only showed a V-2 flame retardance level. Results in the literature [9] showed that the flame-retardant efficiency got better with the increase in the density of PU foam at the fixed EG weight percent, or with an increase in the EG weight percent at the fixed foam density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams

Liu

2020

Materials

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To improve thermal insulation, microencapsulated phase change materials (micro-PCMs), expandable graphite (EG), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were introduced into polyurethane foam (PUF) to enhance the thermal stability and improve the thermal insulation behavior. The morphology of the PUF and micro-PCM was studied using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), while the thermophysical properties of the PUF were investigated using a hot disk thermal constants analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the PUF was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the gas products volatilized from the PUF were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR). The results revealed that the thermal conductivities of the PUF were reduced because micro-PCM is effective in absorbing energy, showing that the PUF functions not only as a thermal insulation material but also as a heat sink for energy absorption. Moreover, the EG and APP were found to be effective in improving the thermal stabilities of the PUF, and the optimized formulation among EG, APP, and micro-PCMs in the PUF showed a significant synergistic effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams

Liu

2020

Materials

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“…Being an organic polymer, TPU is extremely flammable (when exposed to flame, produces volatile polymer fragments which are oxidized in the presence of atmospheric oxygen producing more heat. This forms cyclical combustion that continues to burn until the polymer decomposes) with an LOI value of 19%, and on incorporation of the FR additives, it improved significantly 39,40 . After incorporating 2% FR4 in TPU (labeled as FR4TPU 2 ), the LOI value reached up to 33.4%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films

Meena

Jacob

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Imparting flame retardancy without melt dripping in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a challenging task. In the current work, a series of pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based flame retardants (FRs labeled FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4) were synthesized, and their suitability for TPU thin films (<100 micron) was explored. Vertical flammability tests revealed that a blend of FR2 and TPU at 2% phosphorous content exhibited excellent flame suppression and complete stoppage of melt dripping whereas samples prepared from FR1 showed reduced melt drips. In comparison to FR1 and FR2, FR3 and FR4 manifested excessive nonflamed melt drips, which helps in removal of heat from the combustion cycle and self‐extinguishment. The limiting oxygen index value of flame retardant (FRTPU) blends reached up to 33.5% compared to 19% for pure TPU. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that blends of TPU with FR1 and FR2 display high char residue and condensed phase mechanism, whereas FR3 and FR4 blends show low char residue, working in the gas phase and by the removal of polymer from flame zone through melt dripping phenomena.

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“…21 Thus, TPUs have been used in a wide range of application fields such as coatings and production in the foams, wires, cables, breathable films, sports, textiles, artificial tissue, and automotive. 22–25 However, despite these versatile features, TPU possesses some drawbacks such as long degradation time in nature, low thermal stability, low mechanical strength, low durability, and poor aging properties. 26 Furthermore, the fundamental difficulty for TPUs is that TPU illustrates the low stress and low modulus when the strains reached the intermediate level and when the load is applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

Soykan

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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This present study centers sensitively on the determination of the effect of natural turkey feather fibers (TFFs) loading on fundamental features (thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and micro-structural) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The composites with different TFFs contents (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.%) were fabricated by the melt blending method using the twin screw extruder and micro-injection molder. The samples were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), universal mechanical (tensile and hardness) tester, water-uptake, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The thermal analysis depicted that the melting temperatures of the soft and hard segments as well as the crystallinity degree of TPU increased consistently with the increase of TFFs loading level thanks to the formation of better close-packed TPU chains in the matrices. As for the mechanical test results, when compared neat TPU, the tensile strengths were reinforced by 26.8% and 19.7%, and the modulus increased by 6.6% and 45.1% for the composite samples including 3% and 6% of TFFs, respectively. However, drastic diminishment were observed at further contents. Additionally, TFFs loadings brought about gradual increase in the water-uptake capacities of the composites due to the increasing of the number of voids and omnipresent flaws in TPU matrices. The taken SEM images also revealed that, at low contents, there existed the enrichment of interfacial adhesion between TFFs and TPU matrix, whereas the morphological appearance of the composites get worse at high contents accompanied by the formation of micro-structural defects.

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EG/TPU composites with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology

Abstract: In this work, expandable graphite (EG)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with excellent exfoliation, dispersion and two-dimensional plane orientation of the EG fillers were manufactured by microlayer coextrusion technology.

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams

The Influence of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants on the Thermal Stability of Phase Change Polyurethane Foams

Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films

Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

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