Effusion of Gases Through Conical Orifices

Iczkowski, Raymond P.; Margrave, John L.; Robinson, Stephen M.

doi:10.1021/j100796a006

Cited by 84 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Effusion orifice quantities are reported in table 1. Orifice Clausing factors W B for convergent/ divergent conical and for cylindrical geometries were taken from Iczcowski et al [18]. Steady-state Knudsen-effusion sublimation vapour pressures for FeCl 3 are reported in table 2 for the range 383.1 K to 445.2 K and are plotted in figure 1 for five different effective orifice areas aW B .…”

Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublimation study of anhydrous ferric chloride

Blairs

2006

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublimation study of anhydrous ferric chloride

Blairs

2006

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…Ionization cross-sections of gaseous molecules were taken from Mann's report. 26) Conical effusion cells with the coefficient of resistance to molecular flow equal to 383 24,27) were used in integral effusion experiments. The amount of the components condensed on the collecting plate was determined by the inductively-coupled plasma method with a "LABTEST" equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation of Copper from Iron Melts

Zaitsev¹,

Zaitseva²,

Shakhpazov³

et al. 2004

ISIJ International

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The Knudsen-cell mass spectrometry and the integral Knudsen effusion technique under ultra-high neutral vacuum were used to study evaporation of pure Fe, Cu and molten Fe-Cu alloys containing up to 10.1 mol% Cu in the temperature range of 1 440 to 1 916 K. Standard sublimation enthalpies of Fe and Cu and thermodynamic characteristics of the Fe-Cu liquid solution were calculated. The obtained results and literature data were applied for assessment of potentialities of steel decopperizing technology based on evaporation. The time required for a decrease in Cu concentration from 0.6 to 0.3 wt% through evaporation from the exposed surface of a 160-tons ladle into vacuum of 100 Pa amounts to 5 h. Decopperizing can be accelerated by combination of vacuum treatment with blowing neutral gases through the molten metal. Two processes are responsible for removal of copper in this case: transfer into gas bubbles, free-rising from the ladle bottom to its surface, and evaporation from molten metal surface, turbulized by blowing-through gas. The length of treatment required for the above decrease in copper concentration under the most favorable conditions (the highest vacuum over the ladle and the highest velocity of gas-stream blowing through the molten metal used in metallurgy) reduces to 1.5 h.

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“…The Monte Carlo method has also been used effectively, and a range of useful results have been reported [28][29][30][31]. The characteristics of the pathway that must be defined in order to employ such an Fig.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%