Efficiently Improving the Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing Polyethylenimine-Modified Carbon Nanotubes as Electrodes

Zhou, Yu; Yin, Xuewen; Luo, Qi; Zhao, Xinglei; Zhou, Duanliang; Han, Jianhua; Hao, Feng; Tai, Meiqian; Li, Jianbao; Liu, Peng; Jiang, Kaili; Lin, Hong

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b10253

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Recently, Lin and co‐workers reported that CSCNT:PEI‐based device obtained outstanding stability, sustaining over 94% of original efficiencies after 500 h storage in ambient air and 90% of that after 500 h thermal treatment at 60 °C. The devices also showed good stability exposed to moisture under thermal stress (60 °C, 60% RH), remaining over 70% of original PCEs after 500 h, which could be further raised to 85% while encapsulating the devices with PMMA layer …”

Section: Instability Of Phtotoactive Layer Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNT films used as back contact have been reported in conventional PSCs but rarely in inverted PSCs . Zhou et al employed a novel poly ethyleneimine (PEI)‐modified cross‐stacked super‐aligned carbon nanotube (CSCNT) film in the inverted planar PSCs . CSCNT:PEI‐based inverted PSCs show superior durability.…”

Section: Structural Influence On the Stability Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability

Wang

Mujahid

Duan

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

958

849

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the perovskite material onto transparent substrates covered with a compact TiO 2 layer and an optional mesoporous TiO 2 (or Al 2 O 3 ) scaffold layer. [34] The p-i-n structure, which involves depositing the perovskite material onto transparent substrates which are covered with an HTL, such as the poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS). [35] So far, PSCs based on both mesoporous and planar structure exhibit high performance and stability, however, the comparison of the advantages of two different strucutres in stability is still under debate. [36] Mesoporous Perovskite Solar CellsRecently, a new generation of photovoltaic converters, mesoporous solar cell [37] has attracted more consideration due to their low material cost, simple fabrication process, high energy conversion efficiencies, [38] like dye-sensitized solar cell, [38c] and mesoporous perovskite solar cell. [5a,21,39] PCE up to 9.7% has been achieved by using CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite nanocrystals as the light absorber to fabricate a solid-state MPSC. [21] After that the research focuses on solid-state MSCs began to transfer from DSSCs to MPSCs. [32a,40] In an MPSC, a compact layer is usually deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) layer, which usually extracts electrons and block holes. Three strategies are broadly used for depositing the TiO 2 layer: 1) Spin-coating the colloidal dispersion of TiO 2 nanoparticles followed by a thermal treatment (titanium source: TiCl 4 , [41] titanium isopropoxide, [42] tetra-n-butyl-titanate; [43] 2) spin-coating titanium precursor solutions followed by a thermal treatment (titanium source: TiCl 4 , [44] titanium isopropoxide, [23] titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) 12 ); 3) spray pyrolysis deposition (titanium source: titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylaceto nate) 18 ). [45] Low-temperature sintering approaches to prepare an

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Section: Instability Of Phtotoactive Layer Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Influence On the Stability Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability

Wang

Mujahid

Duan

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

958

849

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As in the case of graphite and carbon black back electrodes, organic [227][228][229] and inorganic 149 HTMs have been exploited to further increase the hole extraction ability of CNTs. 230,231 Aitola et al reported a CNT-based PSC with spiro-OMeTAD as the HTM.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube-based Back Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar strategy involves the use of poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) in the CNT film. 229 PEI played the important role of ameliorating the interface between carbon and PC 61 BM, the latter being used as an electron acceptor in inverted FTO/NiO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 / PC 61 BM/CNTs:PEI architectures. The beneficial effect of PEI was demonstrated by the dramatic increase in PCE, i.e.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube-based Back Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

245

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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“…Now the production at an industrial level is being discussed based on its high PCE, yet there are number of imminent problems to address before commercialization. [153] Conventional metal electrodes have problems of oxidation, ion migration, and poor barrier-ability, let alone the expensive material cost and deposition cost. According to literatures, [99,152] the conventional transparent electrode ITO is the sole layer that limits the flexible application as they cause crack under severe bending cycle.…”

Section: Lead Organohalide Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Emerging Solar Cells: Synthesis and Electrode Applications

Jeon

Xiang

Shawky

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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years, because of growing concerns over the energy security. Among different types of photovoltaics, silicon solar cells give power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 26% with excellent durability. This technology has already reached the market, and the products are readily available. However as recent technologies, such as flexible smartphones and IoT (internet of things), evolve into more versatile and portable electronics, there is a shift of demand from performance-centric technologies to versatility-oriented technologies. In other words, the paradigm is shifting to flexible, wearable, and light-weight electronic devices. Energy-generating devices are also following the same path. This means that the thin-film solar cell technologies, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) [1][2][3] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), [4,5] are considered to be the wave of the future with their critical attributes of being ultrathin (<1 mm), light-weight, and solution-processable. [6] These emerging thin-film solar cells have the potential to equal or surpass the PCE of silicon solar cells while having major advantages in terms of production cost, enhanced design and a variety of new functionalities. Furthermore, tandem photovoltaics, [7] which are combined solar cells of PSCs, silicon solar cells, [8] or OSCs, [9,10] are another new and promising category for the future photovoltaic technology. Despite different names of solar cell types, the device structure is largely the same. They commonly share the typical configuration of one photoactive layer in the center, two charge selective layers above and below the active layer, and two electrodes at each end-at least one of which has to be transparent so that sunlight can pass through it. While there has been an intense efficiency race within the emerging thin-film solar cell community, less attention has been paid to other features, such as flexibility and stability. These traits can be enhanced by using new electrodes and charge-selective layers. Not only the functionalities but also photovoltaic performance is heavily dependent on the electrode and the charge-selective layers. Many scientists around the world, thus far, have focused on these layers by developing novel materials and modifying conventional materials to push the boundaries of current thin-film photovoltaic technology.Abundant and mechanically resilient carbon allotropes are composed of carbon atoms only, yet manifest different electronic properties depending on their configurations and arrangements. Of the carbon species, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials to be incorporated into the thin-film solar cells owing to a wide range of properties ranging from conductors to semiconductors with different bandgaps based Emerging solar cells, namely, organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, are the thin-film photovoltaics that have light to electricity conversion efficiencies close to that of silicon solar cells while possessing advantages in having additional functionalities, facile-processability, an...

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Efficiently Improving the Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing Polyethylenimine-Modified Carbon Nanotubes as Electrodes

Cited by 73 publications

References 58 publications

A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability

A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Emerging Solar Cells: Synthesis and Electrode Applications

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