Efficient Synthesis of Organic Carbonates to the Multigram Level from CO2 Using a New Chitin-Supported Catalyst

Production and Characterization of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane/SiO2 Films Through a Sol-Gel Process for Thermal Insulation Applications

“…The first focus of this research was the synthesis of 5-membered cyclic carbonates (5cc) by a new methodology. PVA was used as a matrix, and also as a strong protective group due to its high hydroxyl group content so as not to compromise the epoxide groups and break the appropriate carbon backbones without reducing them to OH groups, instead of chitin as proposed before [8] According to established times and temperatures, 3.6 mL of a 0.125% PVA solution and 12.9 g (15 mol) of 1,2-epoxybutane were dissolved in 20 mL of DMF and placed in a 100 mL beaker to be stirred at 300 rpm for 5 min at a set temperature of 35 °C. The solution remained under constant stirring for an additional twenty minutes at a temperature of 95 °C in the presence of LiCl as a catalyst and this step ended after another 30 min.…”

Bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts from biomass and waste polysaccharides for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates

“…7,8 Due to the presence of surface-OH groups, several bio-based polymeric materials (e.g., cellulose, lignin, chitosan, chitin and lignocellulose) 9 have been used as Lewis acid catalysts for this kind of reaction, in combination with Lewis bases, like tetrabutylammonium halides or KI that were always needed. [10][11][12][13] Biobased polymeric materials have been also exploited as heterogeneous supports for ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents, meanly bearing an imidazolium chain as Lewis base; [14][15][16][17][18][19] or as functionalized materials (i.e. with a quaternary ammonium salt).…”