“…In other studies, carbon-based non-fullerene nanodiamond (ND), 157 ZnO:CNT, 158,159 SWCNT, [160][161][162] MWCNT, 163,164 CNT 161 and B-CQDs 162 were incorporated into the active layer blend of OSCs, resulting in PCEs of 0.23%, 4.66%, 2.52%, 3.98%, 2.20%, 3.54%, 1.88%, 2.35%, 4.86% and 2.70%, respectively, as shown in Table 8, which outperformed the reference devices. The improvement in device efficiency was ascribed to the increase in optical absorption upon the incorporation of carbon-based materials into the active layer, which enhanced photon harvesting, and hence facilitated the effective generation of excitons.…”